الفهرس 
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. The process of epilepsy development includes: altered neurotransmitter balance, increased oxidative process, accumulation of oxygen free radicals and activation of inflammatory pathway. As this process is multifactorial, so treatment strategy requires different medications and combination therapy not only to attack the different arms of the epileptogenic process but also to reduce the systemic side effects.
The present study was conducted on seventy-two newly born male albino rats of body weight (15- 20 g). In which epilepsy was induced by chemical kindling using sub-convulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injected every other day. Rats were then randomly divided into 9 groups (each of 8 rats). The first two groups were the normal control and the epileptic untreated groups respectively. In addition to that there was the Oxcarbazepine group (108 mg/kg/day), Levetiracetam group (108 mg/kg/day), Fingolimod group (1 mg/kg/day), omega 3 group (0.8g/kg/day), and the last three groups were administered a combination of omega 3 and the previous drugs at the same doses (omega and oxcarbazepine, omega and LEV, omega and Fingolimod respectively). Treatment duration was three months during which rats were monitored by 24 h video camera for recording the number, duration and severity of seizures, and the information obtained from this camera were confirmed by the PTZ challenge test performed at the end of the study. Following this test: rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus was dissected and homogenized to measure the biochemical parameters which includes; γ amino-butyric acid (GABA) level, the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) & Glutathione peroxidase levels. Beside that hippocampal slices were prepared and examined to study the histological features. At the end of the study period, it was found that: OXC produces a significant elevation in the γ amino-butyric acid (GABA) level, together with a significant reduction in the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity which is represented by; Superoxide dismutase (SOD) & Glutathione peroxidase. Also, oxcarbazepine produces a significant reduction in the number and the duration of seizures together with a significant prolongation to seizure onset. Beside that it showed a significant preservation of the hippocampal structure which was reflected by a significant decrease in the number of degenerated cells, a significant increase in the number of normal cells and preservation of its pyramidal arrangement. Also, Levetiracetam demonstrated an antiepileptic activity proven by a significant increase in GABA, SOD and glutathione peroxidase levels. At the same time LEV causes a significant reduction in TNFα level. This was associated with a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of seizures with a significant prolongation of its latency.