الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains the gold standard surgical procedure performed for both benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas and periampullary region, and the only hope of cure in such cases. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common major and serious complication after PD. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for pancreatic fistula after PD, and to correlate between these risk factors and the incidence of pancreatic fistula.
Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective & prospective study included all patients who underwent PD from January 2015 till May 2021. The study included 120 patients with periampullary lesions. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. One of the most serious complications in the early post operative period is Pancreatic Fistula (pancreatic leak), which defined as drain fluid volume greater than 10 ml/day, with elevation of the drain amylase level three times higher than the serum.
Results:
The cohort of 120 cases underwent PD comprised 80 males and 40 females, with the mean age of (51.3 ± 8.2) years. Obstructive jaundice was the commonest symptom in 108 patients (90 %), followed by weight loss in 72 patients (60 %), and abdominal pain in 66 patients (55 %). Post-operative complications occurred in 45 patients (38 %). Pancreatic leakage occurred in 14 (12 %) patients, bile leakage in 7 (6 %) patients, delayed gastric emptying