الفهرس 
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Abstract
Polyuria is a presenting feature of a variety of tubular disorders including RTA, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus pseudohypoaldosteronism, Bartter and Gitelman syndromes. These disorders should be distinguished from other causes of polyuria including diabetes mellitus, central diabetes insipidus and adrenal insufficiency. We presented a cross-sectional study on 140 children with polyuria in Assiut University children Hospital. The analysis enlightens about the prevalence of RTA among polyuric children. Asking key questions in the history, physical examination and laboratory tests can help for earlier diagnosis and life saving treatment possible. Mean age of diagnosis of RTA patients was 1.4±1.9 years (0.2-8), with male predominace in pRTA. The consanguinity has important role, consanguinity rate was 56.2% because most types of RTA have autosomal recessive inheritance. Failure to thrive was the most common presenting feature in patients of RTA. Followed by polydipsia, dehydration and acidotic breathing. Anorexia and vomiting were important presenting symptoms in most of our patients. Rickets was most common among the patients with pRTA. Regarding laboratory investigations, RTA characterized by normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperchloremia. Hypokalemia was important feauture of type I and II of RTA. Patients of dRTA cannot acidify urine even inspite of metabolic acidosis, Nephrocalcinosis was found in all patients of dRTA. We conclude that, the high rate of consanguineous matting is likely to produce many inheritable disorders like RTA, increasing knowledge on demographic, clinical and laboratory features of this disease may serve to increase current knowledge on this disease making early diagnosis and life saving treatment possible. The overall prognosis of RTA is generally good provided the diagnosis is made early with a good compliance to alkali treatment.