الفهرس 
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Abstract
The human being who does not thank the people, will never thanks
Allah. I would like to thank the person who is the dominant responsible
for the exerted effort that has been made in this work, a father after father;
Prof. Dr. Ahmed. A. Ramadan, Physics department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan University. In science, I was so lucky to be one of his students
during the M.Sc. thesis work and being one of his research group members
is a great honor for any physicist.
Some people the words will never be enough in describing their
noble-mindedness or in thanking them, Prof. Ahmed. A. Ramadan is one
of those rare-amazing persons that I had ever met in my life. He gives and
helps honestly and sincerely for research and for his nation, for nothing
except science. His instructions during the M.Sc. thesis work contributes
largely in building my scientific background and in formulating all the
necessary procedures for strengthen my knowledge in the thesis field.
Prof. Ahmed. A. Ramadan, if I can say something for memory, I will
hope you a happy life and good health.
I strongly thank Prof. Dr. Soltan. Soltan, Physics department,
Faculty of Science, Helwan University, for his continuous support and his
kind help in making the suitable scientific channels to be accessed by me,
in order to form my international scientific experience in the field of
material physics. His advices always were very valuable to me and helped
me to be on the frame of the international physics student.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Hany. M. Hashem, Physics department, Faculty
of Science, Helwan University, how is the kind and modest person is you!
I am really wanting to thank you so much for your rare incredible manners
and your continuous help. In the laboratory, Dr. Hany always instructs me
to do things perfectly and with no barriers. He also tries to support us in
obtaining better chances in next educational stages without any request by
us; he is not only a supervisor but also a friend.
Prof. Dr. Amin Fahim, thank you for your valuable advices and
for your time and for your modest and kind manners. I wish you a good
health forever. And I like to appreciate your amazing messages in teaching
and in your trying to generate well educated students. I also thank Prof.
Acknowledgments
___________________________________________________________
Dr. Aisha Moustafa, and Dr. Amal Farouk, National Research Center
(NRC) for their help in the XRD measurements.
I like to thank my colleagues at Physics department, and my dear
friends, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Khaled Ali El-din for being kind
friends and for their help whenever I needed them. I specially thank the
girl who has shared a lot of life-experiences and challenges with me, my
Fiancée Hanan Hussein, from Chemistry department, Helwan University
for her existence in my life whatever the barriers we faced together.
I would like also to acknowledge my colleagues, Dr. Ayat
Hassanien, Physics department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University,
Dr. Soraya Mohamed, Egyptian Authority for Atomic Energy, and Ms.
Mai Hamed for their support whenever it is needed.
The French side, Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Materials
(IPCMS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France, are largely thanked
for their experimental facilitie. I thank Prof. Dr. Silviu. Colis, Prof. Dr.
A. Dinia, G. Rogez, M. Lenertz, Gladice Magnifique and Florian Gelle
from, IPCMS, Strasbourg, France. And I strongly thank Dr. T. Fix,
(ICUBE) institute, Strasbourg, France. Thanks to MEDSOL project staff,
European Union and Erasmus plus + program for all kind financial
support during my internship at IPCMS, within the frame of CNRS at,
Strasbourg University, France.
I thank every person and each organization or institute helped me
or introduced any kind of experimental facility during my M. Sc. thesis
work in Egypt, France or in any other country worldwide.
I must finally confirm that nothing of this work could be done without the
favor of my family, especially my mother.