الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rutting is plastic and permanent longitudinal deformation presented in specific portion of the flexible pavement due to many reasons that will be explained in this report, rutting must be studied and analyzed because it is considered as one of the most common defects in the flexible pavement structure that can mainly show up at heavily loaded road sections, deceleration areas, slow moving or statically loading, intersections, bus stops, it is divided according to how deep the deformation get through structure layer to two kinds, structural rutting and nonstructural rutting. In structural rutting we can find that all pavement structure is affected by the stresses and deformation will take place through all the structure layers. On the other hand, we find the nonstructural rutting when stresses only affect the surface layers of the pavement structure and both types of rutting defect are very dangerous and may cause passengers uncomfortable and
leads to accidents.
Early analysis of pavement performance on the long term can identify the layers responsible
for rutting of the flexible pavement through the shape of the transverse surface profile by
measuring the surface profile as a basic measurement method which is effective in the analysis process, most of the methods that were used to identify the source of this rutting defect among the flexible pavement layers were destructive methods like field trenching and the coring methods for example. In this research, we will present many ways to identify rutting in field without the using of destructive methods used before. Many repairing methods will be presented in this report as a traditional methods to deal with the repairing issue, Also new methods of innovations are used to reduce rutting defect in HMA layers such as (crushed and sieved) electric arc furnace (EAF) slag aggregate instead of natural aggregate, and the application of Geogrid reinforcement in flexible pavement roads between different structure layers. All of these methods and other methods to be available in the future are aiming to help develop the pavement stability, help increase the reliability of the flexible pavement, reduce the maintenance or rehabilitation cost and mainly to increase the service life time of the road pavement for longer time and good driving condition for the passengers. Eventually, the results showed that using electric arc furnace slag aggregate instead of natural aggregate enhances the resistance of the surface layers against rutting, also the usage of Geogrid reinforcement helped enhancing the pavement serviceability and longer protection for the pavement against rutting. Case study sample was tested in Faculty of Engineering-Alexandria University’s laboratory to address the results of using Geogrid sheets in pavement structure resist to rutting, where a sample of geogrid sheet was set in place between sub-base layers in a CBR test mold, results shown a little improvement in penetration between samples including geogrid and samples without geogrid, hopefully in large areas application results may show more satisfying results that can give extra life time for the pavement, more reliability and less repair or reconstruction cost