الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oral cancer shows lower than 50% long-term survival rate
and their prognoses have not greatly improved, despite the
development of various treatment methods,
TQ is the bioactive phytochemical constituent of the seeds oil
of Nigella sativa. Despite its promising results in preclinical settings,
its applicability to humans has met with limited success largely due
to inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability. The concept of
nanochemoprevention was introduced, which uses nanotechnology
for enhancing the outcome of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic
agents.
Aim: to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effect of different
concentrations of thymoquinone nanoformulation (NTQ) on DMBAinduced epithelial dysplasia in the hamster buccal pouch as compared
with the bulk thymoquinone (TQ).
Material and methods: The study was carried out on seventyfive male Syrian golden hamsters, divided into four main groups.
group A: fifteen animals served as untreated group. group B: Ten
animals were painted with 0.5% DMBA three times weekly for six
weeks in the left pouch; five of them were sacrificed at the end of 6
th
week and the other five were untreated for another 6 weeks. group C:
Ten animals were painted with DMBA three times weekly for six
weeks in the left pouch then were treated with intraperitoneal
injection of whole TQ molecule (0.1 mg/kg), three times per week,
for another 6 weeks. group D: forty animals were painted with
DMBA three times weekly for six weeks in the left pouch then
subdivided into four sub-groups (D1, D2, D3 and D4) treated with
intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of NTQ (0.1,
0.05, 0.025 and 0.01 mg/kg), respectively, three times/week for
another 6 weeks.
Before animal sacrificing, blood samples were withdrawn
from the orbital sinus to evaluate blood parmeters. Right and left
Summary
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buccal pouches were surgically excised, fixed in 10% neutral
formalin and processed for H&E stain.
Results: White blood cells (WBCs), red blood corpuscles
(RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb) were decreased with cancer development
(group B) while platelets increased. In TQ and higher concentrations
of NTQ (0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg), the blood values improved to near
normal values. Histoligically: indicated that topical application of
DMBA produced different grades of epithelial dysplasia after six
weeks of applications and oral squamous cell carcinoma after another
six weeks without further DMBA painting. In contrary, oral
carcinogenesis was retarded or regressed by TQ (0.1mg/kg) and NTQ
of higher concentrations of (0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg) to mild/moderate
dysplastic changes.
In conclusion: NTQ (0.1mg/kg) had resulted in regeneration
(elongation) of the shortened pouches, through stimulation of
myogenesis.NTQ (0.1mg/kg) was more effective than TQ (0.1mg/kg)
in that model and could enhance the immune system.