الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as an emerging global epidemic, representing one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and is classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes mellitus has the potential to cause serious complications due to its insidious and chronic nature (Papatheodorou et al., 2015).Diabetes mellitus is a combination of heterogeneous disorders commonly presenting with episodes of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, as a result of lack of insulin, defective insulin action, or both (Sicree et al., 2006). Such complications arise due to derangements in the regulatory systems for storage and mobilization of metabolic fuels, including the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins emanating from defective insulin secretion and insulin action (Piero et al., 2015).