الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
Introduction describes the water importance and the main objective of this thesis which is removal of natural organic matter using different coagulation techniques to reduce the subsequent formation of trihalomethanes.
2. Chapter II: LITRATURE REVIEW
Literature review declared the theory and practice of enhanced treatment, with a special focus on different uses of coagulant. This chapter also explains the factors and mechanisms that influence the formation of chlorination by-products.
3. Chapter III: MATERIALS AND METHOD
This chapter includes experimental part of the study. Field survey was carried out for determination of sampling locations. Physical and chemical examinations were carried out, instruments, details of the materials and methodology used in this work to achieve its goal.
4. Chapter IV: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents s the results and the discussion through the study we made on Shubra Alkhayma water treatment plant and to achieve controlling the precursors of DBPs which include four main steps as follows:
a. characteristics of the raw water used in Shubra Alkhayma water treatment plant:
• In this step, raw water was taken from a branch of River Nile, as a main source of drinking water in Egypt. The study investigates the treatment of Nile water conventionally at Shubra Alkhayma district. This part of the study concentrated on the water quality parameters, which have an effect on the treatment process, and have a health impacts. Each sample was taken and analyzed twice and measured in triplicates. The results revealedadsorbents for remediation of noxious pollutants from wastewater. Environment international, 127, 160-180.
• Those water streams in Shubra Alkhayma were affected by some activities which result in high concentration TOC. These results have a great impact on the production of DBP.
b. Coagulant dose optimization using of different inorganic coagulants in water treatment:
• This work focused on the studying of the efficiency of different inorganic coagulants such as aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride and mixture of both for the removal of turbidity, total organic matter and determination of the residual aluminium and iron in the water samples collected from River Nile at Shubra Alkhayma water treatment plant. The study aimed also at optimizes the coagulant dosages based on the optimum elimination of TOC, DOC, turbidity and residual aluminum.
• It should be noted that the traditional treatment steps start with the process of adding different coagulants such as alum and iron chloride, then the processes of coagulation and flocculation, followed by the sedimentation process and finally the filtration.
• By comparing the conventional treatment and its achieved removal of 45% of the organic matter and 37% of the disinfection residues at the dose of alum = 25 mg/L. By increasing the shea concentration to achieve the improved atomization, the total organic matter as well as the disinfection residue was reduced to 57% and 54%, respectively.
• When using iron chlorides at basic doses = 25 mg/L, total organic matter and disinfection residues were removed to 41% and 34%, respectively. By increasing the concentration of iron chloride ш to 35 mg/L to achieve the improved aggregation, the total organic matter was removed as well as the purification residuals to 47% and 44%, respectively. Using a mixture of alum and ferric trichloride as a molecule at a dose = 25 mg/L, total organic matter and disinfection residues were removed to 47% and 41%, respectively.
c. Enhanced coagulation benefits:
• Enhanced coagulation has great advantages in improving the removal rate of natural organic matter and DBPs. Enhanced coagulation is a more economical and practical way for colloidal particle removal. By enhanced coagulation and flocculation ensuring that drinking water disinfection by-products comply with drinking water standards. Enhanced conventional water treatment has the advantages of low investment, no need to construct new structures, no land occupation, and low operating costs and no need of transformation of the original system.
• The enhancment was achieved by using a mixture of alum and iron chloride Ш at higher doses = 35 mg/L removals of total organic matter as well as disinfection residuals to 65% and 60%, respectively. This is attributed to the improvement of the flocculation process in general.
5. Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation
• Conclusion shows the necessity and goal of enhanced coagulation are emphasized and the main research progress and development direction of enhanced coagulation are further reviewed.
• Enhanced coagulation considerably reduces the THM concentration and that, after Coagulation, it never exceeds any of these guidelines. This is because enhanced coagulation decreases the organic matter considerably due to the high coagulant dose applied.