الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
Since thousands of years ago, Nile River has been the meaning of life, constancy, human development and civilization, in contrast to desert which was the meaning of ”death”, deprival” and ”starves” (Vivian, 2002). This was a main reason for current Population congestion, acceler ated heat island, declined resources and precipitated land and air pollution that became major problem in Egypt. And for that, the research tried to find some solutions in the Egyptian Western Desert (EWD). After a long study of the natural and man characteristics of the five oasis of the desert, the researcher inquired important questions, which are; how to build on a native land like the EWD, and how to have benefits with its five historical oasis and their natural hidden resources?. Moreover, how to deal with its Bedouin citizens that have native North African origin (as the Amazigh in Siwa oasis)? .And finally, how to deal with the absence of proper infrastructure, electricity and the scarcity of water? Accordingly, the research is assuming that by renovating the meaning of ”Ecological Settlement” in the EWD and by developing a criteria based on weighting coefficient system, the research can solve previous problem. Moreover, the research will focus on one of the most important oasis in the EWD (Siwa Oasis) as it considered being an essential medical tourism center and Economic power in the Egyptian desert . The aim is to ensure that Siwan eco-lodges (tourism settlements in Siwa) are built as a living organism with all its properties. This organism (the settlement) should have inputs and out puts, implied with and implies on the surrounded Environmental conditions (the eco-system) or the ”desert Biome”. It also should have low footprint and zero negative implication on the surrounded organisms and the next complex (non-living) factors such as climate and soil factors that affects the types of organism that live in. from this point, the research will move from general to specific. First it will start analyzing the main natural (ecological properties) and man characteristics of the case study location of the EWD (Siwa oasis). After that it will introduce Experimental strategies (local & international) and criteria that serves Eco-lodges in hot arid regions similar to that the EWD , in addition to, the integrated new tools and emerging material technologies for settlements in a desert. And finally it will take advances of the main tools and methods used in given projects, hoping to create a criterion (based on Ethnographic approach and AHP process by using BPMSG software (What method) to: 1) Indicate Environmental aspect weighting coefficients of Siwan Eco-lodges. 2) Indicate Social aspect priorities and their weighting coefficients as it carries the second highest impact factor in Siwan Eco-lodges. Finally, it will examine the social efficiency of two famous Siwan lodges (Babenshal and Adrere Amellal) by using Space Syntax Simulation and IEQ efficiency using field work measurements (the ”How” method). Problem definition Solving the Problem Methodology Tools Ecological Tourism Settlement in Siwa: EWD key words: EWD, Siwa Oasis, Ecological tourism settlement, Ecological criterion, Social Aspect, Environmental Aspect.