الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is the science of the very small particle size. It is the use and manipulation of matter at a tiny scale. At this size, atoms and molecules have different properties, and provide a variety of surprising and interesting uses. Nanotechnology and nanoscience studies arised rapidly during the past few years in a broad range of product domains. They provide opportunities for the development of materials, including those for medical applications, where conventional techniques may reach their limits. Nanotechnology although referred to as the ‘tiny science’ does not simply mean very small structures and products. Nanoscale features are incorporated into bulk materials and large surfaces. Nanotechnology represents the design, production and application of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, in order to produce new nanosized materials. Nowdays nanotechnology has great importance due to the improved properties of nano scale particles [1]. Nanoparticles formed by metal or metal oxides are used broadly to remove heavy metal ions in wastewater treatment procedures. Nanosized metals or metal oxides include nanosized silver nanoparticles [2], ferric oxides [3], manganese oxides [4], titanium oxides [5], magnesium oxides [6], copper oxides [7], cerium oxides [8], aluminium oxides and so on, all these provide high surface area and specific affinity for certain metal ions or organic species. Moreover, metal oxides possess minimal environmental impact and low solubility and no secondary pollution; and therefore they have been adopted as efficient sorbents.