الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aquaculture is the cultivating of aquatic organisms comprising fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants (FAO, 2006). As fisheries production has leveled off and reached its maximum potential, while the demand of aquatic food is increasing, aquaculture became one of the chief sources of fish for human nutrition. Aquaculture is an important alternative source of fish products to satisfy the human requirements, making a significant support to food security (FAO, 2009). The amount of food produced by aquaculture per hectare (ha) is considerably higher than that produced by livestock rearing or arable farming (FAO, 2006). The global production of aquaculture has jumped from 34,600,000 Metric tons (Mt) in 2001, representing only 27.6% of fish total production to reach 101,139,072 Mt in 2014, representing 51.66% of total fish production (195,784,201 Mt) (FAO, 2016). Therefore aquaculture, particularly intensive systems, requires high quality feeds to keep health, favor growth of the organism and also to sustain environment-friendly aquaculture (Eid and Mohamed, 2008).