الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is considered a major health problem and a leading cause of many chronic diseases. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota occurred with obesity contributes with the chronic inflammatory status of obesity. In this context, our study together with the recent concern in the nutrition field research demonstrated the effect of symbiotic administration on improving the inflammatory status associating obesity to elicit its potential beneficial effect as a treatment or preventive agent in obesity and obesity related disorders.
The aim of our work was to study the potential involvement of inflammasomes as an indicator for the efficacy of synbiotics in alleviating diet-induced obesity.
This study was conducted at Medical Biochemistry department, faculty of Medicine from January 2019 to October 2020. Housing was at the animal house at MASRI research center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University (Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt) where twenty -four adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups (6 rats /group): normal control group (receiving normal diet), HFD (high fat diet) group, normal group receiving synbiotics, and HFD rats receiving synbiotics, The animals were maintained at a temperature (22 ± 2°C), relative humidity (55 ± 5%), 12 h light/dark cycle at 5:00 am–5:00 pm and good ventilation with free access to food and water. The cages were cleaned daily.
Summary
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Rats were allowed for one week acclimatization period before any intervention. Then our experiment lasted for 8 weeks, the animals which were fed HFD received high fat diet formula consisted of 10% lard, 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% bile salts, 10% egg yolk powder, and 78.75% standard diet. Probiotics were given daily to animals of treated groups through intra-gastric administration. Inulin powder as prebiotic was administered at dose of 50 mg inulin/day.
The body weight and Lee adiposity index has been measured weekly during the experiment to detect the changes in the anthropometric measures.
At the end of 8th week, the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed then blood and tissue samples (subcutaneous, visceral, brown adipose tissue and liver) were collected then stored at -80°C for the further biochemical and molecular studies or in formalin for histological examination.
The groups were subjected for the following biochemical measurements: lipid profile and liver enzymes. Also, fasting glucose & insulin levels were measured then their values were used in HOMA-IR calculation to detect insulin sensitivity. At the molecular level, NLRP3 mRNA relative expression was measured in different types of adipose and liver tissues by real-time qPCR. Besides, IL-1β protein level was measured in the previous tissues.
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Our salient results revealed significant increase in the body weight of the HFD group in the last 4 four weeks compared to rats fed normal chow diet. However, no significant changes in body weight or Lee adiposity index in HFD rats received synbiotics compared to HFD group.
Further, HFD intake induced significant histopathological changes in the examined tissues and metabolic disturbance regarding lipid profile, and liver enzymes. Meanwhile, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels were elevated in different types of adipose and liver tissues denoting insulin resistance. All these detrimental effects of HFD were improved with synbiotics administration.
Meanwhile, NLRP3 relative expression and IL-1β protein levels were elevated in different types of adipose and liver tissues in HFD rats compared to normal control group, reflecting that obesity can induce active adipose and hepatic inflammasomes. Also, the visceral adipose tissue specifically showed significantly higher expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β protein levels than subcutaneous adipose tissue in the HFD group. However, the nutritional intervention by synbiotics can alleviate that active inflammatory status, suggesting its anti-inflammatory role.
Further, no significant effect of synbiotics intake along with normal diet was observed compared to those fed normal diet.
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CONCLUSIONONCLUSION
Our preliminary results revealed that HFD intake had adverse effects on lipid profile, liver enzymes, and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, HFD was accompanied with a higher expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and its effector IL-1β in adipose and hepatic tissues. However, synbiotics intake as nutritional intervention could improve the histopathological and the metabolic disturbance provoked by HFD. Besides, synbiotics decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and its effector IL-1 β in the examined tissues. Thus, we assume that synbiotics may be considered as potential therapeutic agent in treatment of obesity. But these results are not conclusive and further future studies are urgently needed to confirm our findings