الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing worldwide due to their environmental benefits. In the meantime, renewable energy sources (RESs) are becoming important sources of electricity generation due to their environmental and economic benefits. Thus, the environmental and economic aspects of EVs can be considerably increased if the charging station is powered by RESs. However, the integration of EVs and RESs in electric networks has many challenges due to the uncertainties of EVs users’ behaviors in addition to the intermittency of power generation from RESs due to their dependance on the weather conditions. Uncoordinated charging of EVs has several adverse effects on the charging stations and the electric network. So, energy management of the charging stations by scheduling the connected EVs is essential. Electric vehicles can operate in the grid-to-vehicle mode when they charge from the grid and in the vehicle-to-grid mode when they discharge their energy to the grid. Thus, they can assist charging stations to minimize their operation costs by allowing the charging stations to use them as distributed storage.