الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the control points at different level of dairy farms parlour (milk parlour chain) including teat cup, milk jar, teat surface, rubber tube, milk pipeline, milk tank and worker’s hand and wash water samples and determine their impact on bulk tank milk quality through determine the most contaminated points allover milk parlour chain through enumeration of the following items after application of Virkon S disinfectants. Therefore, a total number of 10 dairy cows in a private holstein dairy farm of cows in Kafr El-Zayat, El-Gharbia Governorate (equal in their milk production and free from clinical and subclinical mastitis) were chosen and subjected to this study. Two hundred samples ( 100 before and 100 after application Virkon S), samples collected and examined in this study designed as the following (70 from teat cup swab, milk jar swab, teat surface swab, rubber tube swab, pipeline swab, milk tank swab and hand worker swab, from each swab ( 5 samples before and 5 samples after application of disinfectant), 10 wash water samples, 10 samples from individual milk and 10 samples from bulk milk tank). All swabs and milk samples were sent to the laboratory for bacteriological examination for total bacterial count, Enterococci counts Staphylococci, and Coliforms count.
The obtained results could be summarizing in the following items:
7.1. Swab samples:
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined teat cup swabs after application of Virkon S were 64, 95.8, 56.1 and 100 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined milk jar swabs after application of Virkon S were 80.8, 37.5, 91.2 and 55.8 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined teat surface swabs after application of Virkon S were 77.5, 96.6, 88.7 and 83.1 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined rubber tube swabs after application of Virkon S were 71.5, 84.8, 70.1 and 87.7 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined milk pipeline swabs after application of Virkon S were 91.7, 95.3, 72.7 and 99.6 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined milk tank swabs after application of Virkon S were 72.6, 83.5, 75.2 and 78.3 %, respectively.
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined worker’s hand swabs after application of Virkon S were 76.6, 77.9, 68.5 and 43.5 %, respectively.
7.2. Water samples:
Reduction percent of total bacterial count, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Coliforms counts of examined was water samples after application of Virkon S were 44.0, 80.0, 85.4 and 100 %, respectively.
7.3. Individual Cow’s milk samples:
Mean of total bacterial count of examined individual cow’s milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 3.46x104 ± 8.76x103, while after application was 6.0x 103 ± 1.52 x103 with reduction percent 82.7%.
Mean of enterococci of examined cow’s milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 5.50 x 102 ± 1.50 x 102, while after application was 2.00 x 102 with reduction percent 63.6%.
Mean of staphylococci of examined cow’s milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 52.24 x 103 ± 6.75 x 102, while after application was 7.00 x 102 ± 3.13 x 102 with reduction percent 68.8%.
Mean of Coliforms of examined cow’s milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 2.83 x 103 ± 1.53 x 103, while after application was 0 with reduction percent 100%.
7.4. Bulk tank milk samples:
Mean of total bacterial count of examined tank milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 5.50 x 104 ± 9.62 x 103, while after application was 2.30 x 104 ± 6.04 x 103 with reduction percent 58.2%.
Mean of enterococci of examined tank milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 3.28 x 103 ± 1.21 x 103, while after application was 8.0 x 102 ± 1.73 x 102 with reduction percent 75.6%.
Mean of staphylococci of examined tank milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 1.66 x 103 ± 3.44 x 102 , while after application was 8.60 x 102 ± 2.06 x 102 with reduction percent 48.2%.
Mean of Coliforms of examined tank milk samples before application Virkon S disinfectant after five weeks of the experiment was 4.95 x 103 ± 5.50 x 102 , while after application was 4.40 x 103 ± 9.47 x 102 with reduction percent 11.1%.