الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of alternative fuels in Portland cement manufacturing reduces the amount of emissions such as CO2 and NOX gases. Also, it causes a considerable energy cost reduction. In addition, the use of alternative fuel has a positive impact on environment as a result of reduction of solid waste disposal. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the effect of ashes produced from using some solid wastes as biofuel in Portland cement manufacture on its properties. In addition, examining the efficiency of refuse derived fuel (RDF) ash on the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The solid wastes used in this study are; refuse derived fuel (RDF), tree trimming (T.T) and dried sewage sludge (DSS). The effect of adding different ratios of the ashes, produced after burning such solid wastes, to Portland cement on its hydration characteristics was investigated. This is done through the determination of standard water of consistency, initial and final setting times, compressive strength, chemically combined water content as well as the phase composition of the hydration products via the XRD examination. The ratios of ashes used were: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% by weight of Portland cement. The samples with RDF ash showed relatively high values of compressive strength compared to blank sample at most of hydration ages. Specially at early ages. On the other hand, T.T and DSS ashes showed slightly lower values of compressive strength at most of hydration ages. RDF ash showed high efficiency of removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution up to 99.8% at pH 6 -7 and one-hour equilibrium time with adsorbent/adsorbate ratio not less than 2.