الفهرس 
Embryology and Anatomy of the heartOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pediatricians often encounter heart murmur in routine physical
examination. Cardiac auscultation is the standard screening method
used worldwide to assess cardiac condition in newborns, infants and
children.
Heart murmurs are common in children. About 50% of all
children have a heart murmur sometime during childhood, and most of
them are innocent murmurs.
Congenital heart diseases are the most common congenital
anomalies and emerge with an incidence from 0.8 to 1.2% per 1000
live births. Given that congenital heart diseases are a leading cause of
death among congenital anomalies; their early detection would greatly
enhance the therapeutic procedures, and therefore improve the
ultimate outcome .
The aim of this study was to assess by echocardiogram whether
cardiac auscultation can distinguish innocent from organic heart
murmurs.
We conducted our study on 189 patients visiting the outpatient
clinic in Menoufia university hospital; they were neonates, infants and
children from 2 days to 14 years of age.
These patients met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to
careful history taking and thorough clinical examination regarding
anthropometric measures and careful cardiovascular examination,
pulse oximetry ,Complete blood count with special emphasis on
hemoglobin level and Transthoracic echocardiography was performed
using Philips HD 11 XE