الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gonadectomy of female dogs can be performed surgically through laparotomy with ablation of both ovaries alone “ovariectomy” or with removal of the uterus “ovariohysterectomy”. It is used as a therapeutic approach in ovarian and uterine pathologies such as uterine tumors, pyometra, and chronic metritis. It is also a mean to control pet overpopulation and stray dogs. Gonadectomized bitches do not show heat cycles or produce unwanted puppies. Moreover, these animals no longer feel the need to roam for searching for a mate, hence have less chance of being involved in traumatic accidents and lower incidence of contracting contagious diseases.
The presented study aimed at evaluating ovariohysterectomy in comparison to ovarian electrocautery, and ligation of ovarian pedicle as alternatives to ovariectomy. The objective was to define the most effective method that produces significant reduction in sex hormones with minimal post-operative complications. Evaluation was based on comparing duration of surgery, level of estrogen and progesterone as indicator of ovarian function, and C-reactive protein as inflammatory marker among the three methods.