الفهرس 
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori bacteria infect more than half the global population, causing peptic ulcer disease and chronic gastritis; it is also strongly associated with gastric malignancies. Indeed, it has been classified as a class I carcinogen.
This study was carried out during the period extended from June, 2015 to May, 2016 at Behera Governorate, Egypt to investigate the presence of Helicobacter pylori in different animal species as well as humans. A total of 143 fresh fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy farm animals including; 43 cattle, 50 buffaloes and 50 sheep. In addition, a total of 100 fecal samples were collected randomly from pet animals attending veterinary clinics including; dogs and cats (50samples / each). Samples were subjected to examination for presence of H. Pylori specific antigen using commercial H. pylori Antigen Test Cassette.
At the same time, serum samples were collected from each investigated animal and then labeled and transferred under refrigeration to the laboratory to be examined for presence of IgG and IgM against H. pylori using commercial H. pylori Antibody Test Cassette, Serum/Plasma. Finally, milk samples were taken from each positive farm animal to be examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting glmM gene specific for H. pylori.
On the other side, a total of 200 serum samples were collected from individuals attending a private medical laboratory and full history for each case was taken and including; health status, gender, age, type of animal contact and manner of milk consumption. Samples were examined for presence of IgG and IgM against H. pylori using commercial H. pylori Antibody Test Cassette, Serum. Also, 80 stool specimens were obtained including; 55 from patients with gastrointestinal complains and 25 from patients without GIT complains to be examined for presence of H. pylori specific antigen using commercial H. pylori Antigen Test Cassette.
The obtained results in the current work clarified that the highest frequency of detection of specific antigen to H. pylori in fecal samples of investigated animals was recorded in cats (28%), followed by dogs (24%), then buffaloes (12%) the sheep (10%) and lastly cattle (4%) with statistical significant association between these frequencies.
On the other side, detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to H. pylori in serum samples of different animals under investigation clarified that the highest seroprevalence was recorded in the examined samples of dogs (30%) followed by cats (26%) then buffaloes (20%) then cattle (18.6%) and lastly sheep (16%) with statistical significant association between these frequencies.
In addition, a total of 13 milk samples were investigated for the presence of glmM gene specific for H. pylori and it was found that 5 samples were showed positive results for presence of the investigated gene (1 from cattle, 2 from buffaloes and 2 from sheep).
Concerning human stool specimens, it was recorded that the frequency of detection of specific antigen of H. pylori was 100% in patients with gastrointestinal complains compared to 64% in apparently healthy individuals with total frequency of 88.75% and there was statistical significant association between both frequencies
Detection of IgG and IgM against H. pylori infection in human serum samples revealed that the total prevalence was 21% and it was higher in patients with gastrointestinal complains (30%) compared to those with apparently healthy individuals (17.1%) with statistical significant association between them.
The effect of gender on the seroprevalence of Helicobacteriosis in human clarified higher prevalence in females (24.1%) compared to that of males (17%) with non-significant statistical association between them.
Statistical analysis of data regarding age based seroprevalence showed non –significant difference between different age groups although the highest prevalence was observed in the age group > 50 years (22%) followed by the age group < 20 years (21%) and lastly the age group 20 – 50 years (20.5%).
The effect of animal contact on the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in humans cleared non –significant difference between the prevalence in those informing that there was an animal contact (18.5%) and other informing that there was no animal contact (26.2%).
Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in humans in relation to contact with different animal species showed that the highest prevalence was recorded in individuals in contacts with dogs (23.1%) followed by those in contact with cats (21.8%) and lastly those in contact with farm animals and poultry (15.1%) with non-significant statistical association between them.
The effect of manner of milk consumption (milk may be a possible source of infection to humans) on the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in humans showed non –significant difference between the prevalence in those with regular manner of milk consumption (21.3%) compared to those with an irregular manner (19.6%).