الفهرس 
Challenges of root canal treatment in primary molars
Clinical studies of chitosan in dentistryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
The main objective of pulp therapy in primary dentition is to maintain
every tooth as a fully functional component in the dental arch to allow for
proper mastication, phonation, swallowing, preservation of the space
required for eruption of permanent teeth and prevention of harmful
psychological effects due to tooth loss.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic
effect of chitosan and chitosan loaded antibiotics as a pulpotomy agent in
non-vital primary molars also, assess the release of antibiotics after
incorporation into chitosan formulation and assess their antibacterial effect.
The study was conducted on sixty healthy children aged between four
and seven years from the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department,
Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University.
The sixty children had bilateral carious mandibular primary molars
indicated for non vital pulpotomy; the 120 selected teeth were divided
randomly into three groups according to the material used. The group I was
treated with unprocessed chitosan powder in one side with the other side
being treated with 3Mix-MP, while the group II was treated with
unprocessed chitosan powder in one side with the other side being treated
with chitosan loaded antibiotics. Finally the group III was treated with
chitosan loaded antibiotics in one side with the other side being treated with 3Mix-MP.
The cases were followed up clinically and radiographically for three,
six, nine, twelve and 18 months.
For in vitro drug release evaluation of the prepared formulae , the
drugs were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. For amoxicillin, stock
solution was prepared in distilled water to produce 1mg/ml. The absorbance
was recorded at 230 nm. For ciprofloxacin, stock solution was prepared in
ethanol. The absorbance was recorded at 278nm. The same procedure was
utilized to construct the calibration curve of metronidazole but the
absorbance was recorded at 310nm. The results were plotted as a function of
drug concentration to construct the standard calibration curve.
The dissolution studies utilized the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
paddle method. The dissolution medium is 900 ml of 10 Mm phosphate
buffer was maintained at 37+0.1oC and the paddle was rotated at 75 rpm,
before loading (250mg and equivalent amount of the chitosan coated particle
(. Samples of 5 ml were withdrawn at predetermined time. The samples were
properly diluted. Each dissolution test was performed in triplicates with
separate dissolution study being conducted for each drug. The cumulative
amount dissolved was plotted as a function of time to produce the dissolution
profile.
For the bacteriological assessment, antimicrobial effect of chitosan,
chitosan loaded three antibiotics and 3Mix-MP against S. aureus and E. coli
was determined by agar diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar and this
was done in microbiology laboratory at Microbiology Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Tanta University. Bacterial suspensions equivalent to 0.5
McFarland were freshly prepared from pure bacterial culture of the isolated
organisms. The tested organism was spread on the surface of Muller Hinton
agar plate.