الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to moleculer characterization for circulating AI viruses (H5N1 and H9N2) in Egyptian poultry flocks. This study was performed in two seasons 2013 and 2016. Both included identification of AIV using RT-PCR and then partial sequencing of the HA gene of some representative samples. The first study focused on H5N1virus while, the second study focused on H9N2 virus. The analysis of the obtained sequences of the H5N1isolates revealed that mutations in the HA2 were minimal. While analysis of the H9N2 isolates indicated some mutations in the sequenced part of the HA1 gene including antigenic sites and receptor binding sites