الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present randomized controlled trial was conducted in Department of Orthodontics Ain Shams University which aim to evaluate the efficiency of a modified Haas expander utilized for relief of crowding in children.
A sample of 21 subjects at the mixed transition stage were recruited from the out patients clinic of the Orthodontic Department at the Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University and randomly divided into two groups; group (A): experimental group underwent expansion via modified Haas expander, group (B): Control group.
Skeletal, dental and soft tissues effects of the clinical results of modified Haas expander was assessed throughout participants in group (A) and compared to participants in group (B).
Impressions to pore study casts and standardized clinical photographs were taken immediately before treatment, immediately after end of expansion phase, six months post-expansion and one-year post-expansion regarding the experimental group (A).
Impressions to pore study casts and standardized clinical photographs were taken immediately before treatment and 13 months later regarding the control group (B).
Cone beam CT scans were taken immediately before treatment and six months post-expansion regarding the experimental group (A).
Study casts were analyzed using 3Shape software at the four different time intervals that were previously mentioned. Arch length, arch perimeter, inter first permanent molar width, inter second deciduous molar width, inter
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canine width were measured for both arches in addition to palatal depth only for maxillary casts.
Arch length/Tooth size discrepancy were measured for the maxillary casts as a primary outcome to evaluate the effect of modified Haas appliance on relief of crowding compared to the control group.
Cone Beam CT scans were analyzed using DDS-PRO software in order to evaluate 3D effects of expansion at this age group at hard (skeletal and dental) and soft tissues.
Mandibular casts analysis and mandibular CBCT measures were performed to study the concurrent effect of maxillary expansion on the mandible.