الفهرس 
Introduction and Literature ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 165 |  |  |
| | | from | 165 | | |
Abstract
The present study aimed to focus on the importance of studying the chewing lice of genus Columbicola that infesting Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) from many points of view taxonomy, ecology and phylogeny in Egypt. Our study will try to cover the previous gaps in our knowledge of chewing lice/ Columbiformes relation in Egypt and worldwide through achieving the following objectives: Identify various chewing lice species that associated with Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) that are most common resident and migratory in Egypt. Study the population dynamics and seasonality of chewing lice of Rock Dove Columba livia through the year. Evaluate the phoretic relation between pigeon’s louse flies and pigeon’s chewing lice. Construct a phylograms that focus on co-evolutionary roots and geographical distribution relationships between genus Columbicola and Columbiformes.
-New records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Egyptian pigeons and doves (Columbiformes), with description of one new species
Little information is available about the chewing lice of wild birds of Egypt, including common groups such as pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Through this work, parasitic chewing lice of common columbiformes of Egypt were revised including new data. Three species of pigeons and doves (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky 1838, Spilopelia senegalensis Linnaeus 1766 and Columba livia Gmelin 1789) were examined for chewing lice at three different localities. A total of 124 specimens of lice were collected. Nine species were identified from these samples; one species (Columbicola joudiae n. sp.) was considered a new species to science, six species were recorded from Egypt for the first time, and two species have been identified in Egypt before. Taxonomic and ecological remarks for all identified chewing lice samples are provided.
-Seasonal population dynamics of Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) infesting domestic pigeons Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789) (Columbiformes: Columbidae)
Columbicola columbae is considered one of the most common species of chewing lice which infest pigeons around the world. The abundance and intensity of columbicola columbae populations are considered a good example to study chewing lice seasonal population dynamics. Therefore, in this chapter we studied seasonal population dynamics of Columbicola columbae infesting domestic pigeons and evaluated effect of infestation on pigeon health. A total of 25 pair (25♀/25♂) of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) were checked visually for chewing lice infestation twice/monthly for one year from 1st March to 28th February. The highest infestation intensity of Columbicola columbae on male pigeons was 81.40±8.703 at September while the lowest infestation intensity was 8.88±3.586 at February. The highest infestation intensity of Columbicola columbae on female pigeons was 93.64±7.533 at September while the lowest infestation intensity was 11.96±4.920 at February. In conclusion, the overall intensity rate of columbicola columbae was at the highest peak at autumn (78.65±15.286), followed by (59.67±20.589) in summer, (26.65±16.663) in winter and finally (18.65±7.419) in spring. The effect of chewing lice infestation on pigeons has been visually estimated considering the quality of plumage (Feathers) of pigeons, where the highly infested pigeons had some ruptured wing feathers. The hostile relation between parasite and host is a great part of biological relations and of course it is normal happen to more than 50% from all biota,
-Assumptions and evidences on phoretic relation of Hippoboscid flies and chewing lice on Rock Dove (Columba livia)
Parasitism is one of the most interesting relation in the living world around us. Parasite/parasite interaction is rarely studied through in most biological host-parasite systems. Here, we evaluated the phoretic relation between parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies on domestic pigeons. A total of 69 domesticated rock doves Columba livia were examined for the parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies in Giza Zoo and two local farms near Cairo, Egypt. The means of infestation intensity were evaluated using ANOVA, while the multiple regression analysis was applied to detect the relation between the hippoboscid flies’ abundance and the three chewing lice species reported from rock dove. The analysis of louse/louse interaction using ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the three chewing louse species which recorded from rock dove with relatively high abundance of the two species Columbicola columbae and Campanulotes compar. The analysis of hippoboscid flies’ abundance and its relation with chewing lice infestation indicate a significant increase of lice intensity in case of high infestation with the fly. The results could indicate that there is a positive correlation between infestation of hippoboscid flies and chewing lice. Also, the level of hygiene of nest may be inversely related to level of parasite infestation. This work forms a step in a long way of understanding parasite/parasite and host/parasite interaction using two parasitic species with a characteristic phoretic relation in nature.
-Phylogenetic study of Coevolutionary Roots and Geographical distributions of doves (Columbiformes) and chewing lice Genus Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera)
Host-parasite coevolution shapes the symphonic relations between more than 50% of creature. Little information is available on phylogenetic relationships between different chewing lice genera and species with their hosts. Through this chapter we studied the coevolutionary roots of wing lice species of genus columbicola and their Columbiformes hosts and their link to geographical distribution. Two conservative genes Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I gene (COI) and elongation factor-1 alpha gene (EF-1) of 28 species of genus Columbicola as well as between 28 species of most of the world Columbiformes were used to constructing phylogenies trees and then analysis the coevolutionary roots. Mega 6 software was used for alignment and phylogenetic analysis with using Neighbor-Joining classification test and Maximum Parsimony method. members (pigeons and doves). Also, only 23 nucleotide sequences of louse species of genus Columbicola of the two genes (COI &EF-1) were selected from the previous 28 chewing lice with excluding five Columbicola species which have the cosmopolitan distribution range. There was a total of 339 positions for (COI) gene of doves in the final dataset. Only six of 28 dove host (21.43%) had a co-speciation event associated with their chewing lice parasite. Although most of species of genus Columbicola show less or no co-evolutionary relation toward their hosts, they speciated in a way related to their biogeography. The ability of a parasite lineage to evolve by the same manner of hosts evolution may be influenced by many factors like isolation and distribution patterns as well as position of parasite on host and facilities the transition from or to the host.