الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
This study was carried out at the Molecular Cytogenetic Laboratories and Molecular genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Qaliubiya, Egypt, during the period from 2015 to 2020.
In our study, six local Egyptian commercial cultivars of family lamiaceae were studied, this family is one of the three largest family that contain Herbal medicines (Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae) that have used from ancient times. Two regions sequences were analyzed to compare between species, the first region was ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase Large (rbcL) gene at the level of DNA sequences this gene presented on chloroplast and the second region was Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) which present in nucleus.
The three genera under this study are two cultivars of genus Ocimum L. (Basil), two cultivars of genus Menthe L. (Mint), and two cultivars of genus Thymus L. (Thyme).
The result of the first region (rbcl) was that all samples successfully amplified the ± 630 bp fragment. Additionally, the results of alignment analysis using BLASTN tools detected that the sequence of DNA rbcL for the two local basil cultivars (Basil 1 and Basil 2) has similarities with Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Ocimum kilimandscharicum and Ocimum gratissimum with identity 100%, 99.69%, 99.37% and 99.06%, respectively. In addition, the two local mint cultivars (Mint 1 and Mint 2) had similarities with Mentha spicata, Mentha_pulegium, Mentha canadensis and Mentha menthaefolia with identity 99.85%, 99.84%, 99.69% and 99.53%, respectively.
For thyme local cultivars (Thyme1 and Thyme2), Thyme1 cultivar sample genotype is genetic closely with species, Thymus alsinoides and Thymus sibthorpii with identity 99.69% and 99.84%, respectively and they located nearest from the cluster (Thymus genus) members in phylogenetic trees while, Thym2 was located after the cluster with Artemisia genus with identity 98.91% that belong to family Asteraceae.
The result of the second region showed that all samples successfully amplified the ± 880 bp fragment. Additionally, the results of alignment analysis using BLASTN tools detected that the sequence of DNA -ITS region for the two local basil cultivars (Basil1 and Basil2) had similarities with Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Ocimum americanum with 96%, 90.80%, and 91.48%, respectively. In addition, two local Mint cultivars (Mint1) closely related to genus Mentha with two species Mentha arvensis and Mentha Canadensis with 97.84 % and 97.65 %, respectively. The second local Mint (Mint2) was closely related to species Mentha_pulegium and Mentha_suaveolens with 92.57 % and 97.57%, respectively.
For thyme local cultivars (Thyme1 and Thyme2), cluster number one contained Thym1 with nine species of Thymus genus which was closely related to Thymus serpyllum and Thymus trautvetteri with 99.19% and 95.87%, respectively. While cluster number two contained Thym2 with six species of family Asteraceae, this means that this sample not belong to family lamiaceae. The reason of this result may be occurring due to that a Thym2 genotype comes from local marketing, which some of them are selling it as a thymus genus. This study demonstrates the efficiency of using barcoding primers to classify family Lamiaceae phylogenetically. It is concluded that the DNA barcode showed genuine potentials to distinguish the Egyptian plant species under investigation into the proper family and genus and we have noticed the efficiency of using DNA barcode to identify the types of commercial fraud or wrong classification for plant varieties of the family lamiaceae.