الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of the study : This study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of Boswellic acids (BA) from Boswellia carterii as root canal irrigation solution with Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine and as an intracanal medication, in comparison with calcium hydroxide, and Chlorhexidine gel. And also to compare the pain experienced after application of each intracanal medication. Materials and Methods: Seventy five patients having single rooted teeth with single canal diagnosed with necrotic pulps and chronic apical periodontitis were included in the study. Bacterial samples were taken from the root canal before preparation (S1), Post instrumentation sample S2 after using the tested irrigants, and Post medication sample S3 after one week of placing the tested intracanal medications. All samples collected were transferred directly for microbiological analysis, and cultured on blood agar plates in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the bacterial growth was counted as colony forming units (CFUs) using manual counting technique. The anti-bacterial effectiveness of the tested materials was evaluated by the decrease in the CFUs from S1 to S2, and S3. Also post-operative pain experienced after placement of the intracanal medication was evaluated after 6,12,24 and 72 hours using numerical rating scale (NRS). Results: NaOCl, CHX, and BA solutions showed significant reduction in the bacterial count from S1 to S2 (P < 0.05) with no significant difference between them P=0.136. Cleaning and shaping resulted in > 99.5% reduction in the bacterial count from S1 to S2 samples, and placement of the intracanal medications didn’t add much in the disinfection of the root canals. No significant difference between the three tested medication in the percent of bacterial reduction from S2 to S3 P=0.917. Patients with BA gel showed significantly the lowest post-operative pain scores in comparison with CH and CHX gel at 6,12 and 24 hours after treatment P = 0.03, while at 72 hours no significant difference was detected between the three tested medicaments P= 0.16. Conclusions: BA could be considered as a promising root canal irrigant and intracanal medicament, owing to its comparable antibacterial effect with the most commonly used root canal irrigants (NaOCl, CHX) and medicament (CH,CHX). BA gel reduced the possibility of post-operative pain compared to the other medicaments.