الفهرس 
TESTOSTERONEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
First identified in 1935, testosterone is the principal hormone controlling the development of androgenic-masculinizing effects in the male body, along with its anabolic properties that increase lean muscle mass.
The anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are testosterone derivatives used since the 1950s in an attempt to maximize the anabolic effects of testosterone, reduce the rate of its hepatic inactivation, and decrease its aromatization to estradiol.
Anabolic androgenic steroid formulations may be self-administered orally, parenterally by intramuscular injection, or transdermally in the form of a patch or topical gel. Empirical evidence in the past suggested that AAS were mostly used by top-level competitive athletes and especially weightlifters, bodybuilders, and track athletes.
Currently, AAS are widely used, not only by athletes involved in recreational and minor-league sports but also by non-athletes. Interestingly, at least four out of five AAS users are not competitive athletes but rather men who desire what they perceive to be an ‘‘enhanced’’ appearance. The global lifetime prevalence rate of AAS use is 3.3%, with a higher rate of 6.4% in male individuals compared with 1.6% in female individuals. In addition, AAS use appears more prevalent among teenagers compared with individuals aged older than 19 years; notably, 4–6% of high school boys have used AAS.
We aim at studying the influence of anabolic androgenic steroids on the semen parameters and serum sex hormonal levels in Egyptian male bodybuilders.
The type of study was cross sectional study. Study setting was conducted in Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 20 male body builders using AAS as the study group and 20 body builders who exercise only and not using AAS. 20 subjects who exercise only without androgenic anabolic steroids use.
In the present study, there were statistical significant differences between ASS group and control group as regard semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm agglutination and rounded cells. Bodybuilders in ASS group had significantly lower semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count; and higher liquefaction, sperm agglutination, and rounded cells.