الفهرس 
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Abstract
The prospective effect of genetic modification has been recognized worldwide as a developing technology to broaden develop the bioeconomy. Synthetic biology methods depend on an engineering viewpoint to create biology simpler to modify. The capability to produce new products by modifying microorganisms have reach consequences and benefits for humanity, biofuel consider one of these applications. Synthetic biology new techniques such as transformation have been properly founded in microalgae, which have converted this organism into a highly flexible stage to make effective engineered ways for generating biofuel. Engineering techniques involving methods to insert external DNA, and expression vectors have been established to enhance the overall content of lipid and reduce algae biofuel production cost. The lack of suitable microalgae strains that provide lipid-rich biomass and tolerate harsh condition inhibits their industrial application. This work describes an effort to transform Synechocystis sp. with genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a significant crucial regulatory biocatalyst in the lipogenesis pathway, from the white mustard plant (Sinapis alba) and the bacterium strain Escherichia coli DH5α using chitosan nanoparticles. Although a recombinant vector encoding Sinapis alba ACC failed to express, the successful transformation was achieved with a recombinant plasmid DNA encoding E. coli DH5α ACC. The successful transformant, Synechocystis sp. PAK13, exhibited increased ACC expression compared with its wild-type parent (11.8 ng versus 7.2 ng), which significantly increased its lipid production (by 3.6-fold). Synechocystis sp. PAK13 also exhibited a significant (20%) reduction in photosynthetic pigments, a 1.52-fold higher glucose content and a 3.5-fold lower sucrose content than the wild-type. In conclusion, this report introduces a useful strategy to overexpress the ACC gene in microalgae, creating strains with improved lipid production that are suited to industrial applications.