الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The thesis is divided into five chapters: Chapter I: It contains a breif introduction regarding wastewater treatment, technologies available for contaminant removal usingadsorption technique.Classification of adsorbents, Controlling adsorbent performance and mechanisms of adsorption were also discussed in details. Chapter II:It involves removal of Hg(II) from the aqueous solution using sulfur doped ZnO nano particles(ZnO:S). The effect of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial adsorbate concentration has been studied and optimized. The optimized parameters for metal ion are pH value of 2.4, the equilibrium time was attained after 30 min, and the maximum removal percentage was achieved at an adsorbent loading weight of 0.08 g. It was found that the adsorption capacity of ZnO:S increased with increase in the initial mercury concentration. The equilibrium and kinetic data were found to be in good agreement with Freundlich isotherm model. Chapter III:It presentsthe adsorption ability of Salvadora persica (Miswak) root powder and tested as a green biosorbent for the removal of barium and strontium from wastewater and radioactive wastes. The structure of the powder SP(M) and its chemical properties were characterized and evaluated by FTIR spectrometry and SEM morphology. The adsorption efficiency has been investigated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial metal ions concentration. The experimental data were analyzed using equilibrium isotherm, and kinetic models. The isotherm data agreed fairly well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. According to Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity was sufficiently high compared with many of the previously reported adsorbents and found to be 34.97 and 41.49 mg/g for Ba(II) and Sr(II), respectively. Miswak proved to be suitable and efficient biosorbent, environmentally friendly, cost effective and obtained from naturally and widely grown trees in many parts of the world. Chapter IV:It illustrated the developmentof a cost-effective method for sulfide removal from wastewater using alumina (Al2O3) as adsorbent. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to test and automate different operational factors such as adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial concentration of sulfide. The equilibrium information for sulfide sorption is well suited to the isotherm of Langmiur rather than Freundlish isotherm. Aluminum oxide was demonstrated to be very effective in sulfide removal from wastewater samples with a capacity up to 261.79 mg/g. The calculated (qe) value is reasonably close to the observed experimental value, which implies that the adsorption behavior of aluminum oxide sulfide obeys pseudo-second order kinetics. Intraparticle diffusion model, Weber model, was also studied to explain the influence of transfer of sulfide from solution to solid surface of adsorbent at the reaction. The results showed two linear regions referring to the participation of two steps in the reaction. The linearity in the first region refereed to a diffusion of sulfide into macro-pores of adsorbent, while the second linear region showed that the adsorbate particles diffused within a micro-pore of adsorbent. Chapter V:It represents a qualitative screening for different Hashish street samples in Eygpt using thermal sepration probe (TSP) integrated with-gas chromatography–mass spectro-metry (GC/MS) technique. The use of TSP offered a minimal or no sample treatment, rapid analysis and eco-friendly technique in which no solvents were used for sample dissolution. In this study, three different Hashish samples identified as A, B and C were collected from the local market and analyzed using the presented technique. The data collected after analysis showed that the phentopic index (X) of samples (A) and (B) were (0.55) and (0.47), respectively and their origins were Labanese origin. For sample (C) its phenotopic index (X) was (2.64) which can recommend its origin to be from Morocco or India. All identified terpenes were 5,5- dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1] hexane (Hashishene), α-pinene, trans-2- caren-4-ol, p-mentha-1,4(8)-diene, cis-sabinene hydrate, transpinocarveol, cis-carveol, naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-4amethyl-, bergamiol, caryophyllene, humulene, alloaromadendrene, αgurjunene, β-guaiene, (±)-cadinene, γ-himachalene, nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, aristolene epoxide, selin-6-en-4α-ol, caryophylla4(12),8(13)-dien-5α-ol, isoaromadendrene epoxide, alloaromadendrene oxide-(1). The identified cannabinoids included cannbiorchochromene (CBC-C1), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC), exo-THC, cannabichromene, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabielsoin (CBE), dronabinol (delta-9-THC), cannabigerol (CBG) and Cannabinol (CBN). |