الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontal diseases.
The progression rate may be influenced by local, systemic conditions and environmental factors that can alter the normal host response to bacterial plaque and affect the susceptibility to disease.
Genetic factors may affect the host response to infection and could lead to noticeable changes in its clinical severity. Over the past decade, a strong body of evidence has been gathering regarding the role of gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to periodontal diseases.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that interacts with its nuclear receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), to regulate different biological processes, such as bone metabolism and immune response modulation.
In addition, VDR plays a role in the action of vitamin D by regulating its gene expression. Many polymorphisms have been identified in the VDR gene.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphisms (TaqI , BsmI and FokI) of the VDR gene with chronic periodontitis among a sample of Egyptian population as a preliminary study.
The present study was designed as a case-control study and included twenty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis recruited from the outpatient clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University in the period from January to November 2018.
Twenty Egyptian subjects with healthy periodontium served as a control group.
Both cases and controls signed an informed consent after understanding the purpose of the research and received standard periodontal treatment after sample withdrawal.
All cases were subjected to estimation of polymorphisms of the VDR gene (Fok I, Taq I & BSM I)using PCR Technique.
Our results have shown statistically significant difference between patients & control groups as regards Fok I and BSM I polymorphism of VDR genes. While, no statistically significant difference was observed between patients & control groups as regards Taq I of VDR genes.
As regards Fok I and BSM I alleles frequencies, statistically significant differences were observed among studied groups and no statistically significant difference as regards Taq I allele frequencies among studied groups.
from these results, it was concluded that there is an association between BsmI and FokI polymorphisms of the VDR gene with chronic periodontitis among studied population.
Further studies among different ethnic populations will be valuable objective evaluation of VDR gene polymorphism as a risk factor for development of chronic periodontitis, As well as evaluating the effect of combined polymorphism in VDR gene with other genes.