الفهرس 
Dedication
Historical perspective of bovine ephemeral feverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was conducted on 156 cattle and buffaloes (72 Frezian breed, 33 native breed cattle and 51 buffaloes). The age of these animals between 6 months to 4 years, they examined during the period from January 2018 to September 2019, these animals admitted to Veterinary teaching hospital in Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Assiut University and from different localities in Assiut Governorate.
The clinical findings of Three days sickness in investigated animals were characterized by sudden onset of fever in ranged from (40 to 42̊ C) associated with severe congested mucous membranes, dry muzzle, foamy salivation, dullness, sickness, shivering and trembling. Most of the observed animals showed enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. Some examined cases showed rapid shallow respiration, rumenal stasis, DROP of milk production, recumbency, subcutaneous emphysema, and abortion.
The serological technique used for detection of Three days sickness virus infection was Blocking ELISA antigen and antibody. The ELISA test used for detection of Three days sickness virus Antigen revealed that 9.30% (8 out of 84) of serum samples were positive.
The ELISA test used for detection of Three days sickness virus Antibodies revealed that 4.76% (2 out of 42) of serum samples were positive.
In the present study, the molecular technique used for detection of Three days sickness virus infection in the examined cases was RT-PCR. 40 out of 50 (80%) cases showed positive result. Molecular technique (RT-PCR) was more efficient and reliable than Serological test (ELISA) in Three days sickness virus infection in investigated animals.
The prevalence of Three days sickness virus infection in the examined cases was 25.64% (40/156) in Assiut governorate.
The relationship between Three days sickness virus infection and breed susceptibility revealed that frezian breeds had higher rate of infection 29.1% (21/72) than native breeds 30.3% (10/33) followed by buffaloes was 17.64% (9/51).
The prevalence of Three days sickness infection in females was 27.55% (27 out of 98) but in males was 22.41% (13 out of 58).
The age group >2-4 years (30.17%) was more susceptible to Three days sickness virus infection than age group 6 months-2 years (12.5%).
In the current study, the prevalence of Three days sickness virus infection in the examined cases was higher in hot months 32.61% (30/92) than non- hot months 15.62% (10/64).