الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Complete or partial anadontia in children or adolescents can result from trauma, congenital anadontia, or congenital and acquired defects to the
alveolar processes. Currently, the most common solution to anadontia in the growing patient is a removable prosthesis that allows unaltered growth of the craniofacial
complex.
Removable partial dentures are extremely difficult to use in children
because of psychosocial problems, loss or fracture of the prosthesis, lack of
normal jaw function, increased decay and gingival problems, and alveolar
resorption from continued pressure on the underlying bone and soft tissue.
They also require significant compliance from the child, and need to be remade at regular intervals.
Fixed partial dentures are also not the best solution in children because
of needing to prepare healthy teeth and difficulty with ideal alveolar and
gingival contours. For these reasons, dental implants are an attractive solution to missing teeth in a child. They combat all of the negative issues with removable partial
dentures including increased confidence and patient acceptance, restoration of
function, and preservation of alveolar bone. Unfortunately, conventional dental implants in growing patients behave in a similar manner to ankylosed primary teeth, inert to the dynamic osseous landscape surrounding them. Because of vertical alveolar growth in particular, implants can become infra-occlusal in relation to the adjacent dentition, or become submerged in the bone to the point of being irretrievable or disrupting
alveolar bone formation.
In these study the adolescents aged 11-13 years with missing upper
anteriors were included in the study, a flapless surgery were performed and
mini implants inserted, gingival index probing depth stability and standardized periapical radiograph were used to evaluate the mini implant at loading time, 6,12,18,24 and month and give good results.