الفهرس 
التشكيلات المخصوصة وتطورهايوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 268 |  |  |
| | | from | 268 | | |
المستخلص
The title of the study is The Teşkilati Mahsusa (The Special Organization) ”the Ottoman Intelligence Agency”. The study deals with the most important intelligence Agencies that appeared before The Special Organization and the most important sultans who were interested in establishing them up to Sultan Abdul Hamid until they crystallized in the form of an organization called ”Committee of Union and Progress” ’’The Special organization” Teşkilati Mahsusa. It was established in Istanbul in 1913 and had branches in all the Ottoman states.
The Special Organization ( Teşkilati Mahsusa) had many tasks and features, and one of its most important features was secrecy, and it had many tasks, including the formation of the volunteer and mujahedeen factions to join the Ottoman army, the formation of the military and paramilitary militia and their deployment in the areas of the Ottoman Empire to fight alongside the Ottoman army and mobilize the population in those areas to revolt against the British occupation and attract them to the Ottoman side.
Among the most important areas where the Teşkilati Mahsusa worked were Syria, Iraq, Hejaz, Libya and Egypt, especially their participation in the Ottoman invasion of Egypt in 1914 and 1915 under the control of Gamal Pasha, as they had the task of controlling the western front in Libya and the southern front in Sudan, especially Darfur region to put the English occupation under the jaws of the pincers and thus facilitate the Ottoman invasion of Egypt from Eastern front in Syria. The Special Organization had a prominent role in minority areas of the Ottoman Empire, whether they were Kurds or Armenians, as The Special Organization was able to include many Kurds to work with them, especially against the Armenians. Among the most important of its roles was what the Special Organization did against the Armenians when the decision was issued by ”the Union and Progress” in 1915 that the deportation of Armenians was a war necessity. So it entrusted the implementation of that to the Special organization in the same year, and it was one of the worst that the Special Organization in particular and the Ottoman government in general did in terms of the killings they committed during the process of deportation and displacement.
The study also presents the role of The Special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa) outside the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1922, especially in the Balkans and the regions of Islamic Asia. In the Balkans it participated in the first and second Balkan wars, in addition to its major role in establishing a temporary Turkish republic in Western Thrace in the year 1913. It also had a prominent role in Central Asian countries such as India and Turkistan and its efforts in mobilizing those areas and inducing them to join the Ottoman armies and joining a number of them as members in The Special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa) such as Abdul Rashid Al-Sibiri (from Sibiria).The study completed what The special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa ) reached at the end of the First World War and its last role in the Ottoman Empire until 1918 when the Allied countries dissolved it at the end of the same year and their insistence on conducting military trials for members of ”the Union and Progress” in general and members of the Teşkilati Mahsusa in particular. After dissolving The Teşkilati Mahsusa, many organizations emerged from it, whether in Turkey or Egypt, and completed the same role .The Importance of The special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa ) is due to its military and intelligence role in the Ottoman Empire on the one hand, and the role it played in one of the darkest periods of the Ottoman Empire before its dissolution and the declaration of the Turkish Republic on the other hand. This is also due to the multiplicity of its roles inside and outside the Ottoman Empire. For the Ottomans, it was like a glimmer of light in the middle of darkness, which afflicted the Ottoman state in its late years. Many titles were given to The special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa).Some called it the secret agency of the Ottoman intelligence, and some writers called its members the butchers of Human race.
Despite the importance of the Special Organization in that period, the studies that were written about it did not yield any documented and sound accounts due to the difficulty of obtaining their documents from the Ottoman archives. This is because after the First World War and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the leaders of ”the Union and Progress Association” and The Special Organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa) disposed of most of the documents and reports related to their operations, tasks and orders issued to them by burning them before they fled away from the country in 1918, in addition to that the Ottoman archives have few documents of their own, but it is not allowed Informing researchers about it so far, because there are persistent attempts by Turkey at the present time to hide any document related to The Special Organization because its presentation will lead to its condemnation due to the acts that the Special organization committed that condemn the Ottoman state, especially with the Armenians, and because of the ongoing conflict between the Turks and Armenians for more than a hundred years to prove the involvement of the Turks, and in particular the Special organization (Teşkilati Mahsusa) in the Armenian massacres in 1915.
I have divided this research into a chronological division that lists the events in detail according to the objective division, given that the chapters deal with the role of the Special organization in each region separately.