الفهرس 
Introduction and rationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intravenous (IV) fluids infusion to keep tissue perfusion and electrolyte concentration or to administrate drugs is a routine during anesthesia and surgery. IV fluids are now considered as drugs, with a recommended dose, indications and contraindications, as well as drawbacks.
The changes of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and central venous pressure (CVP); traditional hemodynamic indices; have been used to guide fluid management during anesthesia for decades. However, these traditional indicators have been thought no longer suitable for guiding fluid management due to their reduced relationships with fluid responsiveness. Recently, the dynamic indices relying on respiratory variations in arterial pulse pressure (PPV), stroke volume (SVV), and the pulse oximeter plethysmographic waveform in mechanically ventilated patients have been shown to be highly predictive of fluid responsiveness, and more recently, the pleth variability index (PVI) derived from respiratory variations in peripheral perfusion index (PI) has also been suggested to be an effective dynamic indicator of fluid responsiveness. Different from other invasive dynamic indices, PVI provides clinicians with a numerical value obtained non-invasively, automatically, and continuously.