الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 113 |  |  |
| | | from | 113 | | |
Abstract
Male factor of infertility accounts for up to 40% of all infertile couples and is mainly caused by abnormalities in sperm concentration, morphology and motility. Among them, low sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) is one of the most frequent causes of male infertility and presents approximately in 40% of all cases.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) represents a valuable method to explore structural sperm defects. The integrity of all sperm specialized structures are detectable by ultrastructural analysis with (TEM) which remains the gold standard for their evaluation.
Ultrastructure abnormalities of sperm tail are associated with severe asthenozoospermia and infertility
The study was conducted to find any ultrastructure defects of the sperm tail and their contribution to asthenozoospermia and infertility.
The present study was conducted on 11 asthenozoospermic 1ry infertile patients and 4 matched healthy controls of the attendants of Andrology Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology, STDs and Andrology department, Minia University Hospital. The study was run out from December 2018 to june 2019.
Cases included in the study were undergoing clinical examination, semen examination by CASA and TEM examination of the collected samples.
All studied patients (100%) had sperm tail defects: 7 patients had one anomaly (63%); 3 patients had two anomalies (27.2%) and one case had 3 anomalies (9.09%). Sperm tail anomalies are classified into 3 major groups: microtubular disturbance, mitochondrial anomalies and fibrous sheath dysplasia.
The most common observed tail anomaly was axonemal microtubular disturbance (10 patients; 91%). Next, defects related to mitochondria including reduction in number or density of mitochondrial gyri (5 patients; 45%). The least encountered anomaly was fibrous sheath dysplasia (1 patient; 9.09%).
Patients with mitochondrial anomalies (5 patients; 45%) had least total motility. Next, patients with fibrous sheath dysplasia (1 patients; 9.09%).Lastly, patients with microtubular disturbance had highest total motility.
We recommend doing TEM examination on a larger scale number of infertile males to propose how frequent the E.M defects are present and we recommend also following up the results of ART in those patients to see which technique gives better results in different defects.