الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective potential of earthworm extract (EE) against acrylamide-induced toxicity in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each. G І, control; G ІІ: rats were administered acrylamide (ACR) at a dose of 5 mg/kg B.W (in distilled water) orally 5 times/week for 3 weeks; G ІІІ: rats were given EE at a dose of 300 mg/kg B.W in D.W orally for 3 weeks; G ІV: rats were pre-treated with EE for 3 weeks, then co-treated by EE together with ACR for additional 3 weeks with the above-mentioned doses. Acrylamide diminished sperm count, total sperm motility and viability, while maximum sperm motility and viability were achieved in earthworm extract-treated group (G III). Acrylamide increased testicular lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) while decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, ACR stimulated serum ALT, AST, Total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and Testosterone levels while significantly decreased albumin and total protein with no effect on FSH and LH levels. Importantly, P53 increased in the degenerated spermatogenic cells while Ki‑67 expression increased in the hyperplastic Leydig cells of the testis of ACR-treated group. Acrylamide manifested alterations in testicular architectures with loss and desquamation of spermatogenic epithelium, vacuolation in germinal layers, and Leydig cell hyperplasia. Interestingly, EE restored sperm parameters (count, total motility and viability), recovered testicular histological structure and biochemical alterations occurred in response to ACR treatment. In Conclusion: Earthworm extract ameliorated the acrylamide-induced toxicity via modulation of testicular antioxidant biomarkers and suppression of P53 and Ki- 67 testicular activity and improve the induced biochemical and histopathological alteration.
Keywords: Acrylamide, Earthworm, Rats, Toxicity.