الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for nearly half of the world’s population. As per FAO statistics, global rice production in 2014 was approximately 740 million tons. Huge amounts of rice straw are produced worldwide, considering that 1–1.5 kg of straw is generated for every 1 kg of paddy rice, giving an estimate global rice straw production of 740-1110 million tons. Rice straw (RS) is the third largest agricultural waste behind maize and wheat. Globally, it is the largest agricultural crop residue which constitutes around 45% of the volume in total rice production. But major fraction of RS (80%) remains unutilized and left as such in the fields. The open-field burning of this abundant raw material as a waste causes environmental pollution and affects the ecosystem health. Therefore, utilizing this under-utilized feedstock for high value added products production would allow to explore its potential
The obtained results could be summarized as follow:
PART I: (1) Factors affecting production of phenolic compounds by alkaline treatment: - RS treated for 120 m achieved a higher extraction efficiency (34.39±0.16). - Significant increase (p≤0.05) in phenolic compounds yield (31.26±0.44) was observed at 120 C. - The maximum extraction efficiency (26.43±0.34) was detected with concentration of 6N.
Summary
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- S/L ratio (1/60) affects significantly on the biomass extraction efficacy (26.38±0.41). (2) Effect of SSF time on delignification (phenolic compounds yield) - Phenolic compounds producing efficiency increased on the 36th day of fermentation (15.86 µg/ml). Thereafter, the incremental extraction of phenolic compounds decreased after 36 d. (3) Effect of Enzymatic hydrolysis by the culture filtrate of P. chrysosporium - Phenolic compounds producing efficiency increased on the 36th day of enzymatic hydrolysis (18.35 µg/ml). Thereafter, the extraction of phenolic compounds decreased after 36 d.