الفهرس 
Pathogenesis and etiology of SLEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by massive production of autoantibodies, excessive activation of complement (2 and defective clearance of cell debris and immune complexes leading to extensive tissue damage in multiple organs Renal involvement is the major concern. Half or more (45%– 85%) SLE patients will develop lupus nephritis over the course of their life time Early prediction and diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) are of importance. So far, renal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and plays a critical role in management and prognosis of renal damage in SLE patients.