الفهرس 
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Abstract
The differences in morphology of the
chromosomes shape, size and position of the centromere are
used in the identification of species. In addition to using modern
techniques such as (random amplification of polymorphic DNARAPD).
Aim. This study aimed to determination of the diploid
chromosome numbers and karyotype of some fishes of families
Cyprinidae, Poeciliidae and Cichlidae,and studding the
phylogenetic differences among the two families (Cyprinidae
and Poeciliidae) and the phylogenetic relationship among the
fishes inside each family.
Study design and methods. Mitotic chromosomes were prepared
from kidney, spleen and gills. Each specimen was injected with
0.05% colchicines and after 2hrs they were sacrificed. The
tissues were removed and placed in a hypotonic solution of
0.56% kcl after nearly 30 min, the tissues immersed three times
in a ethanol-acetic acid glacial mixture 3:1 every time was taken
20 min, then the tissues squashed in 60% acetic acid, three
droplets of the cellular suspension was dropped on a clean
microscope slide. For conventional karyotype the preparations
were stained during 40 min with 5 % Giemsa stain. DNA was
extracted by using ”Quick Genomic DNA Extraction Kit”. Nine
primers were used in RAPD – PCR analysis.
Results. The chromosome number of Symphysodon discus
2n=60, the diploid chromosome number of pterophyllum
scalare 2n=48, The diploid chromosome number of Astronotus
ocellatus is 2n=48, the diploid chromosome number of poecilia
reticulate 2n=46, the diploid chromosome number of Poecilia
sphenops 2n=46, the diploid chromosome number of
Xiphophorus maculates 2n=48, the diploid chromosome
number of Xiphophorus hellerii 2n=48, the diploid
chromosome number of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus
2n=100, the diploid chromosome number of Balantiocheilos
melanopterus 2n=50, and the diploid chromosome number of
Puntius tetrazona 2n=48.
Conclusion. The present study confirms that each species has its
own particular chromosome and RAPD-PCR composition which
is different from other species.
KeyWords:Chromosome, diploid nmber, karyotype, Cyprinidae,
Poecilidae, Cichilidae, Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR),
primers.