الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside, widely used broad spectrum antibiotic. However, nephrotoxicity is a well-known potential adverse effect of aminoglycosides. Herbal medicine is now an accepted medicine as complementary and alternative therapy in combination with the main line therapies. The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Apium graveolens seeds (celery seeds) extract against gentamicin (G)-induced renal and hepatic toxicity. Fifty four albino rats were assigned into 6 groups of 9 rats each and designated as follows: group І, control group (C); was orally co-administered with 0.5 mL liquid paraffin, 0.5 mL 0.9 % NaCl solution. in addition, it was injected with 0.25 mL injectable water; group ІІ: was intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg BW of 80% gentamicin (G); group ІІІ: was orally administered with 250 mg/kg BW of hexanic extract (HE) of celery (in liquid paraffin); group ІV: was orally administered with ethanolic extract (EE) of celery (250 mg/kg BW in 0.9 % NaCl solution); group V: was pre-treated with HE as in group III for 2 weeks, then they were cotreated with HE along with gentamicin treatment as in group II for additional 2 weeks; group VI: was pre-treated with EE as in group III for 2 weeks, then cotreated with EE along with gentamicin treatment as in group II for additional 2 weeks (G+EE). All animal groups were allowed to gain free access to feed and water throughout the experimental period. Treatment was continued for 4 weeks and given day after day. At the end of the experimental period, animals were fasted, anaesthetized, serum samples were prepared and used for biochemical assays. Kidney and liver tissue samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and for assaying lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant (GSH) markers. The study result showed that, gentamicin increased ALT activity, total protein, urea, creatinine, sodium and MDA concentration, while decreased GSH and Potassium concentration with no effect on AST activity, albumin or glucose compared to control group. Moreover, gentamicin increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expressions in renal tissue. Gentamicin induced renal and hepatic tissue alterations including atrophy of glomerular tuft with increased Bowman’s space, necrosis of glomerular cells with pyknotic nuclei, cloudy swelling of renal tubules with inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion of hepatic central vein with necrosis of the lining intimal cells, coagulative necrosis around central vein, fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Treatment with HE or EE of celery seeds significantly reversed all of these biochemical and histological alterations. This protective effect of celery most likely occurs through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In Conclusion: The present study reveals the protective role of A. graveolens seed extracts against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity which could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of A. graveolens seed extract.