الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin and the photo-stimulatory effect of low energy 632.8 nm laser irradiation on excisional wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally applied for diabetes induction. A full-thickness skin wound (2x2 cm2) was created aseptically with a scalpel in non-diabetic and diabetic rats on the shaved back of the animals. The wounded non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated every other day with quercetin by oral gavage at dose 25 mg/kg body weight and/or with low level laser therapy (LLLT) for 14 days. The skin stress-strain response in the wounded area was significantly increased in non-diabetic wounded and diabetic wounded rats as a result of treatment with quercetin and/or LLLT. The wound closure percent calculated during the course of the experiment at days 1, 7 and 14 was remarkably increased as a result of treatment of non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT; the co-existence of both treatments was the most potent. The elevated blood glucose and the lowered serum insulin levels were significantly improved in diabetic wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT. The histological findings showed a marked increase in collagen fibers which become well oriented in sub-epidermal tissue, intact epidermis, presence of hyperplasia covering well-developed granulation tissue and increased formation of collage fibers due to treatment of non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT. The elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as PGE-2 and LTB-4 were decreased in non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT while the lowered level of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was increased. The augmented oxidative stress represented by increased serum lipid peroxides level was decreased and the serum level of non-enzymatic anti-oxidant glutathione was increased as a result of treatment with quercetin and LLLT. Thus, it can be suggested that the improvements in glycemic state, cytokines involved in inflammation and anti-oxidant defense system as well as enhancement of collagen production after treatment with quercetin and LLLT may play pivotal roles in promoting the wound healing process. The study also concluded that the treatment with quercetin in association with LLLT was better in improving wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats than the use of either of each.