الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of passive and active
self-ligation of aesthetic brackets on the static and kinetic friction with
different wire sizes. Two types of ceramic brackets were used; Empower
Clear (active self-ligating bracket (ASLB)) and Damon Clear 2 (passive
self-ligating bracket (PSLB)). They were coupled with 0.017 x 0.025-in
and 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless-steel (SS) wires. A universal testing machine
was used to pull the brackets along the distal end of the archwire. The test
was performed at 5 mm/min crosshead speed over a distance of 8 mm to
measure the static friction (SF) and the kinetic friction (KF) under dry
conditions. The results showed the PSLB’s to have significantly lower SF
and KF with both wire sizes