الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Black oil reservoir simulation still has wide application in the petroleum industry because of it is far less demanding computationally than compositional simulation. However, a principal limitation of black oil reservoir simulation is that it does not provide the detailed compositional information necessary for surface process modelling. Black oil De-lumping overcomes this limitation by converting a black oil well stream, enabling the composition and component molar rates of a production well in a black oil reservoir simulation to be reconstituted. Compositional simulation in today’s multimillion-cell models is still practically unfeasible. Black-oil fluid representation is a proven technique that continues to find wide application in reservoir simulation. However, an important limitation of black-oil reservoir simulation is the lack of detailed compositional information necessary for surface process modeling. The black-oil de-lumping technique provides the needed compositional information necessary for surface process modeling. Process design is a fundamental in the development of a field even from a reservoir point of view. The process can mix fluids coming from different reservoirs, in order to obtain a production fluid and/or injection gas. A better characterization of the production fluids from the wellhead until the sale point allows evaluating engineering, economical and commercial parameters, i.e.: 1. Calculating liquid DROP out in the surface network with mixing different fluids. 2. Predicting gas hydrate presence. iii 3. The value of gas recycling. 4. The sale gas composition, required to fulfill contractual specifications. 5. Design and long-term operation of processing facilities that must be optimized to minimize bottlenecks. De-lumping a black oil stream consists of retrieving the detailed components’ molar rates to convert the black-oil well stream into compositional well stream. De-lumping enables the composition and component molar rates of a producing well from a black oil reservoir simulation to be accurately reconstituted. Full computational advantages of black oil modeling are obtained while preserving the reservoir details required for an accurate prediction of well and reservoir behavior. The Modified Black Oil (MBO) model was tested against the fully compositional model and performances of both models were compared using various production and injection scenarios for oil, rich and very rich gas condensate reservoir. The software used to perform the compositional and MBO runs were Eclipse 300 and Eclipse 100. The effects of black-oil PVT table generation methods, uniform composition and compositional gradient with depth, initialization methods, location of the completions, production and injection rates, kv/kh ratios on the performance of the MBO model were investigated. Vertical wells and horizontal wells with different drain hole lengths were used. Wells experiencing a cross flow, multiple PVT regions and fluid mixing in the reservoir was tested. iv Tracer tracking and API tracking methods were used in the study to help in identifying the fluid movement in the reservoir and fluid mixing. The ECLIPSE Tracer Tracking option is a general facility to follow the movement of marked fluid elements during a simulation run. The API tracking facility enables ECLIPSE to model the mixing of different types of oil, having different surface densities and PVT properties. Different black oil de-lumping methods were used to de-lump the black oil well stream to its composition, and the de-lumped results was compared with the compositional model results. Assessment for the three different de-lumping methods were carried out to choose the most accurate method for each reservoir and production case. Guidelines were listed to choose compositional and black oil simulations for different fluid, reservoir, well and production systems. Guidelines were also listed for choosing the accurate Black-oil Delumping method from the three available methods in the literature for the different validated black-oil simulated cases.