الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cities are continually changing in an adaptation process to overcome a diverse range of natural and man-made pressures. Natural disaster, political upheavals or economic crisis are examples of stresses that cities face and try to overcome in different ways by developing mechanisms for handling continues changes. Most of these stresses and pressures are interrelated, complicated and hard to predict in the future time. As a result of the wide range of shocks and stresses, cities may decay or collapse, affecting the lives of millions of people living within the urban areas. Therefore, urban resilience is considered as one of the most essential topics within the discourses of the sustainable development as it tackles issues such as risk reduction and disaster prevention. Accordingly, it was essential to develop and plan cities in a way that allows them to foster resilience to the uncertainty of the environmental,socio-economic and political changes overtime. Subsequently, the theory of resilience isgaining a great attention within the urban planning field leading to the notion of urban resilience.In the last decades, Egypt as a developing country has witnessed several stresses due to major shifts in its political situation. Started at the 1950s with a shift from a monarchy to a socialis republic, followed by an open market system at the late 1970s, to reach a capitalist system in the early 1980s till the current moment. Because urban form is part of the whole urban environment that is affected by political aspects, all these major political shifts brought a wide range of urban governance forms. In turn theses different urban governance types had significant effects on the urban form of the cities’ designed and built environment affecting the city resilience. In this context, urban governance changes in Egypt are frequent and consequent over a short period of time demonstrating the importance of tackling the issue of urban resilience.Designing and planning cities are profoundly political activities; therefore, politids needs to be brought back to the center of discussion on managing cities. Broadly, the research aims to explore the interplay between the urban governance and the resilience of the urban form over time. The research focuses on urban resilience in terms of long-term urban governance through studying the effect of the urban legislation of the different consequent systems on the city resilience. Accordingly, the research worked on developing a resilience index to measure the resilience of the urban form of a neighborhood area in Alexandria through a time line while analyzing the urban building laws that shaped this form. The study reaches a conclusion of identifying the legislation that formed the most resilient urban form over time.