الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two decades from now,the purpose of first-trimester ultrasound has changed from confirming fetal viability and pregnancy location to one of the most important ultrasound scans a woman undergoes in pregnancy.
The latest studies have shown that about 50% of major fetal malformations can be diagnosed before the 14th week of pregnancy.
Congenital birth defects in pregnant women have become a common occurrence and their occurrence is closely related to the age of the mother in the period of pregnancy as the incidence increases in pregnant women with advanced age.
Ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy is widely used to detect congenital malformations by measuring the thickness of the fetal occipital translucency in week 11-14 of pregnancy.
Thanks to rapidly advancing ultrasound technology, clinicians can now also document the embryonic and fetal anatomy from as early as 7 weeks of gestation. As a consequence, many fetal anomalies can already be suspected or diagnosed much earlier than the routine second trimester ultrasound{18–22 week}scan.