الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study of oral cancer (OC) is a challenge, as it is an important
cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Oral
squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) is the sixth most common cancer
worldwide. In Egypt, OC is of high incidence rates at upper and middle
Egypt, with increase in the number of estimated new cases up to 2050.
[1]
The development of OSCC is a multistage process that progresses
through accumulated genetic changes inducing malignant transformation
of normal cells. A better understanding of oral cancer pathogenesis is
essential to improve prevention, prognosis and treatment modalities.
[2]
The hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model was found
to closely mimic the development and biologic markers of oral
premalignant and malignant lesions in humans.
[3]
Carcinomas induced by the application of 7, 12 dimethylbenz-[a]
anthracene (DMBA) to the (HBP) of Syrian hamsters are
morphologically and histologically similar to human OSCC.
[4]
Phytochemical agents (as thymouinone) are considered the new era in the
prevention and treatment of oral cancer.
[5]
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active component of Nigella
sativa (N. sativa) and consists about 30% of its volatile oil or ether
extract.
[6]
It was found non- toxic to normal tissues. It protects many
organs from standard chemotherapy-induced damage and enhances the
efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents even in resistant cancers.
.