الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women all over the world and
also in Egypt. Breast cancer ranks as the fifth cause of death from cancer overall,
but it is still the most frequent cause of cancer death in women all over the world.
The high incidence of cancer cases and insufficient cancer researches could result
in many adverse impacts on human health. This will, in turn, badly affect the
personal and financial rewards, career development as well as national income and
resources.
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide (1.38m new
cases/year, 23% of all cancers). Ranked as fifth cause of death (the first in women)
from cancer overall (45800 deaths).
In Egypt, it represents almost 37% of cancer in women (18% overall).
There are a number of in vivo experimental models based on laboratory animals
including the Ehrlich solid tumor, derived from the mouse breast adenocarcinoma
which is an aggressive and fast growing carcinoma able to develop both in the
ascetic or in the solid form depending whether inoculated intraperitoneously or
subcutaneously, respectively.
One of the most important new ways in cancer treatment is the using of natural
product. Hence the importance of this study is to find some antioxidants from
natural sources such as plants for use in prevention and treatment of diseases.
Several workers have reported the different biological activities of Saussurea lappa
in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo test models. Different extracts of this plant
have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-ulcer,
anticancer, immunomodulatory and pesticidal activities.
The current study was designed to investigate the ameliorating potential of
Saussurea costus root extracts in inhibition of Ehrlich cells growth and tumor
development.
Also; the effect of costus root extracts on lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic
antioxidants, histological and immunohistochemical examination in
Ehrilch tumor in female mice.
Also, the changes in cardiac functions biomarkers,
A total of 70 female Swiss albino mice weighing 20 25 g obtained from animal
house colony Egypt Vaccine Company, Giza, Egypt. The mice were equally divided
into eight groups.
group 1, Control group in which mice did not received any treatment.
group 2, Costus or negative control group in which mice received costus (300 mg/Kg body
weight/ day) orally by stomach tube for 2 weeks.
group 3, Etoposide group included mice that received Etoposide (50 mg/kg B.W/2 day)
orally for 2 weeks.
group 4, Ehrlish solid tumor group with induced breast cancer tumor, Ehrlish solid tumor
subcutaneous.
group 5, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given costus for 2 weeks.
group 6, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given Etoposide for 2 weeks.
group 7, Mice Ehrlish solid tumor and orally given costus and Etoposide for 2 weeks).
Ehrlich solid carcinoma (EST) cells collected from donor mice (Swiss albino) of
20-25 g body weight obtained and suspended in sterile isotonic saline. A fixed
number of viable cells (usually 2.5x106 cells/20 g body weight) were implanted into
subcutaneous of each recipient mouse.
At the end of the experiment, overnight fasted mice were anaesthetized with diethyl
ether and blood was collected by cardiac puncture and blood placed in EDTA tubes
and centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min. plasma were carefully separated , each of
sample was labelled and kept at - 20 0C until biochemical analysis for liver and
kidney functions.
In addition tumour of each mouse was removed, weighed and measure volume after
labelling samples; they were kept at -20 0C until biochemical, histology and
immunohistochemistry analysis.
The results of the present study were statistically analyzed and can be summarized
as follows:
In the current study; a significant decrease in tumor volume at Saussurea costus
and/or Etoposide groups compared with EST group.
A significant increase in body weight of Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) bearing mice
group as compared with other groups. On the other hand; significant decrease in
body weight of Etoposide (ETO) when compared with other groups.
The body weight at the end of day 14 was more compared to the day 1 in all the
experimental animals except in case of Etoposide treatment where it showed a
decrease.
A significant increase in serum GOT and GPT in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as
compared with control mice. Also; Etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) induced an
increased in serum GOT and GPT as compared with control and revealed a
significant decrease as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with
Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in
serum GOT and GPT in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
A significant increase in serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 in Ehrlich solid tumor
(EST) as compared with control mice. Etoposide (chemotherapeutic drug) induced
an increased in serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 as compared with control and
revealed a significant decrease as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with
Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in
serum CK-Mb, CPK and LDH*103 in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
a significant increase in serum potassium and chloride ions in Ehrlich solid tumor
(EST) as compared with control mice. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum
sodium in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) as compared with control mice. Also;
Etoposide induced an increased in serum potassium and chloride ions as compared
with control and revealed a significant decrease in sodium ions as compared with
Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
Treatments of EST with Etoposide (EST+ETO) or with costus (SC+EST) or with
Etoposide and costus together (SC+EST+ETO) revealed a significant decrease in in
serum potassium, and chloride ions in as compared with Ehrlich solid tumor (EST).
Tumor sections of EST group showing sheets of small tumor cells representing cell
proliferation surrounding areas of necrosis; while tumor sections in EST+SC group
showing focal necrosis with sheets of malignant cells. Tumor sections in EST+ETP
group showing necrosis, while tumor sections in EST+SC+ETP group showing
extensive necrosis and fibrosis.
heart sections in EST revealed strong positive reaction for H&A. Moderate positive
reaction for H&A in heart section in EST treated with costus and Etoposide
respectively. Heart sections in EST treated with costus and Etoposide together
revealed strong positive reaction for H&A.
Finally, it can be recommended that:
1- Supplementation of natural products as costus (Saussurea lappa) is an
important powerful antioxidant
2- Use of silymarin costus can be used as health promoting medicinal plant.
3- Use of costus as antioxidants .with Etoposide is a possible therapy could protect
and ameliorate the toxic effects of tumor, heart associated with Ehrlich solid
tumors in female mice.