الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was applied to evaluate the frictional resistance between S.S brackets and two types of orthodontic archwires made of S.S and NiTi alloys after immersion in herbal and fluoridated mouthwashes. Sixty maxillary premolars metal brackets (Roth) with 5 cm long specimen of 0.019 × 0.025 S.S and NiTi wires were utilized to form the test unit samples of the study. The samples divided into three equal groups (n=20): HMW immersed group, NaF mouthwash immersed group (experimental groups) and artificial saliva immersed group (control group). After immersion, the frictional resistance was evaluated via UTM (Lloyd LR 5K). Both surface roughness of utilized wires and the bracket slot surface morphology were estimated by AFM (Nanosurf Flex AFM-Switzerland and SEM (JEOL JSM-6510LV-Akishima-Japan) respectively. The obtained results revealed that the frictional resistance value significantly differ between HMW and NaF mouthwash immersed groups (P<0.05), with higher value in NiTi wire than S.S wire. There is no significant difference between the S.S and NiTi wires immersed in artificial saliva. There is significant difference of surface roughness between S.S and NiTi wires immersed in HMW, NaF mouthwash and artificial saliva (P<0.05) and the NiTi wire possesses higher surface roughness value than S.S wire.