الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
• Introduction: The process of tourism development has become one of the contemporary issues in many countries around the world. This is due to the key role it has in increasing the per capita income, enhancing the national income and realising a real urban comprehensive development. The tourism sector is considered one of the important sectors that concern with the development process. This is due to the significant role and the positives that the inclusive development plays in the success of tourism. The tourism development is considered the most recent kind of development. It is linked to the different elements of the development process and it could be said that its components are identical to those of the inclusive development. Since the 1970s and particularly after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment that was held in the Swedish capital; Stockholm in 1972, a global attention has been paid to the integrity of the natural environment. Undoubtedly, there is a relation between the tourism development and the environment. This is because the good and healthy environment constitutes the base of the tourism activity. Therefore, the eco-tourism depends mainly on the preservation of the environment and not leaving any disruption of the balance of nature. Thus, the relationship between eco-tourism and the sustainable development has been created. Eco-tourism is considered one of the most important types of tourism due to the positives it has on the economic, social, environmental and political sides. It is a multi-faceted tourism and helps in achieving the development for people, projects and the entire community. Hence, it has a significant role on achieving spatial development. 1-Problem of the Study: Erbil city in Iraq is characterised by its different eco-tourism destinations. It includes plenty number of unique natural resources attracting tourists form different categories. Despite of the existence of many eco-tourism sites of attractions in northern Iraq, they suffer from the limited number of tourism services. Moreover, tourism services of the eco-tourism destinations in Northern Iraq are poor and not fulfiling the increasing tourism demand. 2- Hypotheses of the Study: This study depended on the three following hypotheses, which are: - There are statistically significant differences amongst the respondents’ opinions on the natural components of eco-tourism in Erbil. - There are statistically significant differences amongst the respondents’ opinions on the human resources and services for developing the eco-tourism in Iraq. -There are statistically significant differences amongst the respondents’ opinions on the tourism facilities for developing eco-tourism in Erbil. 3-Importance of the Study: The importance of the study is represented in the following points: - Eco-tourism is considered one of the significant tourism patterns that plays a key role in conserving the environment as well as in sustainably exploiting its natural sites for preserving the future generations’ rights. - Iraq and particularly Erbil includes plenty of eco-tourism sites of attraction which can be exploited for developing eco-tourism. - Erbil includes plenty of natural and human resources that can be exploited in developing eco-tourism. - Eco-tourism in Erbil helps in encouraging the investment in tourism projects of ecological nature. 4-Objectives of the study: This study aims at achieving the following objectives: - Identifying the importance of eco-tourism, its objectives and its requirements in Iraq. - Identifying the emergence of eco-tourism, its development and its forms in Iraq. - Shedding light on the international efforts for preserving the environment. - Shedding light on the government bodies’ role in developing eco-tourism in Iraq. -Determining the foremost eco-tourism destinations in Iraq. - Identifying natural and human recourses for developing eco-tourism in Erbil. -Shedding light on the tourism facilities for developing eco-tourism in Erbil. 4- Objectives of the study: This study aims at achieving the following objectives: - Studying the importance, objectives and requirements of tourism development in Iraq. -Studying the emergence, importance and types of eco-tourism in Iraq. - Shedding light on the foremost eco-tourism destinations in Iraq. - Identifying the natural and human recourses for developing eco-tourism in Erbil. 5- Methodology of the Study: Methodology of the study has been applied through: A- The Theoretical Study: It included descriptive analysis method, which depends on analysing the main items of the study for reaching to results that resolve the problem of the study. B- The Field Study: It depended on carrying out interviews with a number of (16) Iraqi tourism experts and academics, in addition to addressing questionnaire forms on a random sample of (225) tourists in the eco-tourism sites of attraction in Erbil. The results of the questionnaire were analysed depending on the SPSS Programme; version 24, by using some statistical methods e.g. the percentage scale, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the relative weight, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Cronpach’s Alpha and T-Test. 6- Limitations of the Study: A- Limitations of Place: It included northern of Iraq, applied on Erbil; the capital of Kurdistan region. B- Limitations of time: The study was carried out in the period from September to November, 2019. 8- Plan of the study This study consists of an introduction, which presents the study’s problem, hypotheses, importance, objectives, methodology, limitations and plan. The study is divided into three chapters as follow: Chapter one, which discusses the tourism development and eco-tourism is divided into two units. The first unit discusses the tourism development, whilst the second chapter discusses the process of eco-tourism development. Chapter two, which discusses the components of eco-tourism development in Erbil is divided into three units. The first unit discusses destinations of Eco-tourism in Erbil, the second unit discusses the natural and human resources for the eco-tourism and the third unit, discusses tourism facilities for developing eco-tourism. Chapter four, which is the chapter of the field study, is divided into three units; the first unit discusses the study’ methodology, the second unit discusses the analysis of the questionnaire forms and the third unit which tests the hypotheses of the study. At the end, the study represents the general findings for both of the theoretical and field parts, the related recommendations, the Arabic and foreign references and eventually the appendices of study incluing the questionnaire form and photos of the study. • Findings of the Study: The study reached to some findings which are represented in the following points: - The tourism development refers to a set of comprehensive activities that aim at satisfying the human needs through the optimum use of the available human and natural resources for achieving the balanced regional tourism development. - The tourism development aims at achieving a balanced increase in the tourism resources. - Eco-tourism refers to travelling to the responsible travel that aims at preserving the environment, maintaining the recreation of its inhabitants and preserving the rights of future generations. - Instances of the obstacles facing the eco-tourism development in Iraq include the poor infrastructure, lack of finance and the inadequate tourist facilities and survives. - Erbil includes many natural and human resources that can help in promoting eco-tourism in an effective way. - The tourism development faces many obstacles including the rapidity of change in the economic life, political instability and poor financial resources. • Recommendations of the Study: According to the findings of both of the theoretical study and the field study, a set of recommendations have been suggested as indicated in the following points: a- Recommendations addressed to the Iraqi Ministry of Tourism: - Paying attention to the tourism river transport in Erbil. - Expanding Erbil International Airport for enhancing the international tourism to Erbil. - Marketing Erbil’s Ecological tourism sites of attractions in the international tourism conventions. - Raising environmental awareness of the local community about eco-tourism for developing the eco-tourism. - Encouraging companies to invest in Erbil’s eco-tourism projects. - Increasing the tourism security in tourism areas. - Establishing natural reserves and carrying local and international marketing for them. - Providing hotels with competitive advantages e.g. cutting down taxes. - Holding cultural and sports’ competitions and festivals. b- Recommendations addressed to tourism establishments in Erbil: - Cutting down prices to suit the different categories of tourists. - Carrying out protocols of agreement with international tourism marketing companies for internationally promoting eco-tourism in Erbil. -Utilising tools of e-marketing and media advertising. - Including eco-tourism sites of attractions in Iraqi travel agencies’ programmes. - Paying attention to the domestic tourism by organising field trips to natural sites of attractions. - Increasing the investment in ecological resorts. - Raising eco-tourism awareness depending on media, advertisements and social edia.