الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gallstones are one of the most common and costly digestives conditions. Bile duct stones occur in 15–20% of patients with symptomatic gallstones. The prevalence of gallstones in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) is higher than that in the general population.
Increased the numbers of blood transfusions and increased phosphorus levels were shown to be related with increased prevalence of GBS in HD patients.
The aim was to study the prevalence of Gallbladder stones (GBS) and associated risk factors in patients on regular haemodialysis comparing these results with those obtained from healthy controls.
A case control study was conducted on 120 cases from haemodialysis unit, and outpatient clinics of internal medicine department of Shebin El Kom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governate, Egypt, during the period from January 2018 to October 2018. Patients included in this study were divided into two groups as follow:
group I: included 60 ESRD patients (36 males and 24 females) on regular haemodialysis more than 3 months for different aetiology after elimination of exclusion criteria subdivided into two subgroups:
- Sub group (Ιa): included patients on regular haemodialysis with gallbladder stones.
- Sub group (Ιb): included patients on regular haemodialysis without gallbladder stones.
group II: included 60 controls (38 males and 22 females) among our hospital workers and patients were admitted to internal medicine outpatient clinics for headache, common cold and chest infections, subdivided into two subgroups:
- Sub group (ΙIa) included healthy controls with gallbladder stones
- Sub group (ΙIb) included healthy controls without gallbladder stones.
Results of the current study could be summarized as follow:
There was no significantly differences between cases group (I) and control group (II) regarding age, gender and duration of dialysis in years. While, BMI being significantly higher in control group (И) and NO. Of blood transfusions in the last year being significantly higher in cases group (Ι).
Kidney functions (blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum sodium, potassium, phosphorous) being significantly higher in cases group (Ι).
Liver functions, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins LDL showing no statistically significant difference among group (Ι) patients on regular haemodialysis and group (И) controls.
While, triglycerides being significantly higher in cases group (Ι) and high-density lipoproteins being significantly higher in control group (И).
23 patients (38.3%) had gallbladder stones Ia, while, 37 patients (61.7%) had not gallbladder stones Ib.
Summary
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Also, age and sex were no statistically significant difference between subgroups Ia and IIa. While, body mass index showing significantly being higher in group Иa.
CBC, lipid profile, liver functions were no statistically significant difference between Ia and IIa subgroups. Except haemoglobin level and RBCs count being higher in subgroup Иa.
There was no significantly differences between subgroups (Ιa) and (Ιb) regarding age, sex, dry body weight, bod mass index and duration of dialysis in months.
Number of blood transfusions in the last year being higher in patients on regular haemodialysis with gallbladder stones group (Ιa).
Kidney function tests, liver function tests, parathyroid hormone, CBC and lipid profile were not significantly differencing among subgroups (Ιa) and (Ιb). Except in serum phosphorus level, direct bilirubin and haemoglobin level being significantly higher in patients with gallbladder stones (Ιa).
Regarding Binary logistic curve, showed that age, sex, number of blood transfusions in the last year, serum phosphorus level, serum calcium, LDL and TGs levels can be considered risk factors for gallbladder stones formation in ESRD patients on regular haemodialysis.
Conclusion
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CONCLUSION
from our results we can concluded that:
The prevalence of gallbladder stone (GBS) disease is higher in patient with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD) (38.3%) as compared in control group (20%).
Number of blood transfusions in the last year, serum phosphorus level, direct bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were significantly increased in patients on regular haemodialysis with gallbladder stones group as compared control group.
Age, sex, number of blood transfusions, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, LDL and TGs levels can be considered risk factors for gallbladder stones formation in ESRD patients on regular haemodialysis.
This study doesn’t show if haemodialysis it self is considered a risk factor for GBSs formation.
No correlation between duration of dialysis &high biliary lithiasis rate,suggesting that other factors may have been present in the predialysis phase .