الفهرس 
Garden cress (Lepidium Sativum) seedsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) it is from the important medicinal plants, as it is characterized by its therapeutic properties that have protective and curative effect the liver and kidneys against free radicals beside improving their functions, where it is considered tonic for the immune system, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic activities, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-asthmatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypolipidemic activity, anti-inflammatory, in treating dysentery, anemia, diarrhea, migraine and it well for healing broken bones in the human skeleton. This is because it contains a large group of macro and micro nutrient elements and phytochemicals compounds which they are play an important and effective role in many metabolic processes and performance important biological functions throughout the life cycle.
This study was targeted to:
1- Determination the chemical composition of Lepidium Sativum powder (protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates).
2- Investigate the therapeutic biological effects of Lepidium Sativum powder using hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity rats.
3- Evaluation the organoleptic evaluation for some food products such as (Bread- Cake – Biscuits - Strawberry juice - Apple juice - Orange juice) when supplement Lepidium Sativum powder at 2.5%, 5% and %10.
4- Presentation of the necessary recommendations to avoid riskiness of liver and kidney diseases and benefit from results of study obtained.
The study design was as follows: -
Garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) was obtained from the local market of Shibin-El kom City- Menofia - Egypt then sorted, refined and crushed for add to the rat’s basic food at 2.5%, 5% and10%. Forty-five (45) (Sprague-Dawley strain) adult male healthy albino rats weighting (145±5) g were obtained from Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Animal House Department, Giza, Egypt, the experiment was conducted at the institute’s laboratory, rats were housed individually (each rat alone) in wire cages under hygienic conditions , good ventilation system in laboratory and were fed on basal diet for 7 consecutive days as adaptation period. Diets were introduced to rat in a special non-scattering feeding cups to avoid feed loss and contamination, the feeding was checked and weighted daily, while water was provided to rats by means of glass tubes projecting through the wire cage from an inverted bottles supported to one side of the cage and checked daily. Each of rats groups were weighted at beginning of the experiment then weekly and at the end of the experiment .The consumed feed was calculated each day, rats were divided into 9 groups and each group contains 5 rats (each rat alone), weight of rats for all groups was nearly equal and period of the experiment was 28 day as follows:-
group (1):- Negative control group in which normal rats were fed on basal diet and tap water.
group (2):- Hepatic control positive group where rats were injected by CCL4 in paraffin oil (50%v/v2ml/kg/body weight) subcutaneous injection twice a week for two weeks were fed on basal diet and tap water.
group (3):- CCL4 hepatotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 2.5% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
Group(4):- CCL4 hepatotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 5% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
Group(5):- CCL4 hepatotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 10% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
Group(6):- Nephritic control positive group where rats which were injected by gentamicin(aminoglycosides antibiotics),(10mg/kg/dayfor10 days) subcutaneous injection once daily for 10 days were fed on basal diet and tap water.
Group(7):- Gentamicin nephrotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 2.5% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
Group(8):- Gentamicin nephrotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 5% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
Group(9):- Gentamicin nephrotoxicity rats were fed on basal diet containing 10% Lepidium Sativum powder and tap water.
At the end of the experiment, the mice were fasted 12 hours for food, two hours for water, then weighed, then slaughtered, and blood samples collected in sterile dry glass tubes and centrifuged for 10 minutes, as 3,000 circular turns per minute to separate the serum (serum). Then pull the serum carefully and transfer it to Eppendorf’s tubes, dry, clean and numbered separately for each rat, to perform the following biochemical analyzes:-
- Liver Enzymes: AST- ALT- ALP - GGT and AST/ALT ratio .
- Serum Protein Fractions: Tp, Alb, Glb and Alb/Glb ratio.
- Serum Bilirubin Fractions: T.Bil, D.Bil and Ind.Bil.
- Kidney Function: Creatinine, Urea, and Uric acid.
- Minerals Major: Na, K, Ca and P.
- Antioxidant and Oxidant Enzymatic: GPX, SOD, CAT, GSTs, TAC and MDA.
- Lipids Profile: TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, AI and HDL-c/TC ratio.
- Blood Glucose.
-The organs (liver, spleen, kidney, heart and Lung) of each rat were removed surgically and washed in saline solution dried by filter paper and weighed separately and saved in formalin solution10% for histopathological examination.
The results of the study showed the following:-
Firstly:-The effect of Lepidium Sativum powder on CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity rats.
(A- Biological results):-
1- BWG%, FI(g/28 day) and FER.
BWG%, FI (g/28 day) and FER of control (+) group showed markedly decreased significantly comparison their counterparts in control (-) group, while all hepatic groups fed on LSP recorded high increased significantly in the same parameters where metabolism has improved. The high parameters of BWG% and FI were in LSP 10% then LSP 5% then LSP 2.5% respectively, beside no significant differences were observed among control (-) group and all hepatic groups fed on LSP with respect to FER.