الفهرس 
صفحة العنوانOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water and energy crises are major challenges in many places of the world. The lack of drinkable water is often intensified in arid regions. Fortunately, this is generally accompanied with abundant sources of solar energy which can be used to drive desalination and water treatment systems. Solar powered humidification–dehumidification desalination systems (HDH) has attracted much attention in recent years. Mathematical models for HDH desalination plant driven by vacuum tube solar collectors are developed using CARNOT toolbox in MATLAB/Simulink software. The productivity of the HDH plant depends on maintaining the outlet temperature of the solar collector field at a desired set value, Despite, the daily and seasonal variations in solar radiation, ambient conditions, and water demand. Therefore, several techniques of controllers are applied and tested to get the best performance. We focus on describing the most appropriate controller type for engineering applications, which is a PID Controller, we are applying this controller to regulate the pump speed to control the water mass flow rate, in which its parameters are tuned by many techniques for instance, Ziegler-Nichols method and optimization techniques which include genetic algorithm (GA) technique.
Furthermore, the operation of PID controller is based on integer numbers only. from this point of view, the PID controller was developed into a new type of controller that has been appeared recently, which is derived from the fractional calculus. This type namely the fractional order PID controller, where its operation is based on non-integer numbers. Because of this feature, when fractional order PID controller is applied in any control system, it will give the system more accurate and get stronger performance to the system than applying the classical PID controller, also non-linear PID (NPID) controller which is highly recommended for complex systems is tested. Due to the seasonal